Two-photon imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer cells using biofunctional gold nanorods

Transferrin-conjugated gold nanorods were used for targeting, two-photon imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer cells. The presence of nanorods significantly reduced the laser power effective for therapy.<br /

Enhanced photothermal therapy assisted with gold nanorods using a radially polarized beam

We report on the use of a radially polarized beam for photothermal therapy of cancer cells labeled with gold nanorods. Due to a three-dimensionally distributed electromagnetic field in the focal volume, the radially polarized beam is proven to be a highly efficient laser mode to excite gold nanorods randomly oriented in cancer cells. As a result, the energy fluence for effective cancer cell damage is reduced to one fifth of that required for a linearly polarized beam, which is only 9.3% of the medical safety level.<br /

MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis

During the last decade, osteoarthritis (OA) has become one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases worldwide. OA is characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone, hyperplasia of synovial cells, and growth of osteophytes, which lead to chronic pain and disability. The pathological mechanisms underlying OA initiation and progression are still poorly understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute a large portion of the transcriptome that do not encode proteins but function in numerous biological processes. Cumulating evidence has revealed a strong association between the changes in expression levels of ncRNA and the disease progression of OA. Moreover, loss- and gain-of-function studies utilizing transgenic animal models have demonstrated that ncRNAs exert vital functions in regulating cartilage homeostasis, degeneration, and regeneration, and changes in ncRNA expression can promote or decelerate the progression of OA through distinct molecular mechanisms. Recent studies highlighted the potential of ncRNAs to serve as diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets for OA. MiRNAs and lncRNAs are two major classes of ncRNAs that have been the most widely studied in cartilage tissues. In this review, we focused on miRNAs and lncRNAs and provided a comprehensive understanding of their functional roles as well as molecular mechanisms in cartilage homeostasis and OA pathogenesis

Photothermally induced apoptosis of cancer cells using gold nanorods for low energy cancer therapy

Gold nanorods functionalised with transferrin were used for photothermally induced necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells. It was observed that the laser energy required to induce cell apoptosis is significantly lower than that for cell necrosis, indicating that photothermally induced apoptosis can be used for medically safe laser cancer treatment.<br /

Two-photon endomicroscopy for 3D imaging of cancer cells labelled with gold nanorods

Biofunctional nanorods are developed to specifically target cancer cells. The cervical cancer cells, HeLa cells, are labeled by these biofunctional gold nanorods. Those cancer cells can be detected by a multi-photon-excited photoluminescence endomicroscope, which proves that the cancers can be in vivo diagnosed by using biofunctional gold nanorods with nonlinear endomicroscopy.<br /

UAV-Pose: A Dual Capture Network Algorithm for Low Altitude UAV Attitude Detection and Tracking

This paper presents a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) attitude detection and tracking algorithm, named UAV-Pose. In the context of low-altitude UAV countermeasure tasks, precise attitude detection and tracking are crucial for achieving laser-guided precision strikes. To meet the varying requirements during the tracking stages, this study designs two capture networks with different resolutions. Firstly, a lightweight bottleneck structure, GhostNeck, is introduced to accelerate detection speed. Secondly, a significant improvement in detection accuracy is achieved by integrating an attention mechanism and SimCC loss. Additionally, a data augmentation method is proposed to adapt to attitude detection under atmospheric turbulence. A self-collected dataset, named UAV-ADT (UAV Attitude Detection and Tracking), is constructed for training and evaluating the target detection algorithm. The algorithm is deployed using the TensorRT tool and tested on the UAV-ADT dataset, demonstrating a detection speed of 300 frames per second (FPS) with a map75 reaching 97.8&#x0025; and a PCK (Percentage of Correct Keypoints) metric reaching 99.3&#x0025;. Real-world field experiments further validate the accurate detection and continuous tracking of UAV attitudes, providing essential support for counter-UAV operations

Detecting cancer cells labelled with gold nanorods using nonlinear endomicroscopy

Cervical cancer cells, HeLa cells, labeled by gold nanorods were first detected by multi-photon-excited photoluminescence endomicroscopy, which shows that multi-photon-photoluminescence endomicroscopy could be used in noninvasively detecting cancers

Supercontinuum generation for double-clad photonic crystal fibre multi-channel nonlinear microscopy

Abstract not available