Indirect unitarity violation entangled with matter effects in reactor antineutrino oscillations

If finite but tiny masses of the three active neutrinos are generated via the canonical seesaw mechanism with three heavy sterile neutrinos, the 3\times 3 Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata neutrino mixing matrix V will not be exactly unitary. This kind of indirect unitarity violation can be probed in a precision reactor antineutrino oscillation experiment, but it may be entangled with terrestrial matter effects as both of them are very small. We calculate the probability of \overline{\nu}_e \to \overline{\nu}_e oscillations in a good analytical approximation, and find that, besides the zero-distance effect, the effect of unitarity violation is always smaller than matter effects, and their entanglement does not appear until the next-to-leading-order oscillating terms are taken into account. Given a 20-kiloton JUNO-like liquid scintillator detector, we reaffirm that terrestrial matter effects should not be neglected but indirect unitarity violation makes no difference, and demonstrate that the experimental sensitivities to the neutrino mass ordering and a precision measurement of \theta_{12} and \Delta_{21} \equiv m^2_2 - m^2_1 are robust.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, version to be published in PLB, more discussions adde

NETWORK EXTERNALITY ON RETAILER AND SUPPLIER PRICING STRATEGIES FOR COMPETITIVE PRODUCTS

Network externality, which affects the value of many high-tech and Internet-related products, may have a critical impact on firm strategies. This paper focuses on the strategy selection of various players in a channel structure. We design a sequential game among two suppliers and a retailer. In the developed game and model, we provide two optional strategies to the retailer, whereas suppliers can impact retailer strategies with their own pricing. We found that (direct) network externality typically had a positive effect on firms. More important, we conclude that when the degree of product network externality from a weak supplier reaches a certain scale, a relatively stable state of competition is facilitated, which is more profitable compared with a collusion strategy. Otherwise, the two suppliers can still maintain a competition relationship. However, a collusion strategy may be more profitable than competition in the second case. In this article, we recommend an acquisition strategy as a sustainable and reasonable collusion strategy

Online Travel Agent Service and Customer Satisfaction Based on Correlation Analysis:A Marketing Perspective in China

With the cooperation of Internet and travel industries, online travel market has been booming, the expected number of online travel users will be a larger growth in the future and service quality will also become an important part of the tourism industry chain. It is a question of travel companies to think about how to improve the online travel service quality and customer satisfaction, to obtain the profits greatly. To scientifically prioritize the key driving factors of online travel agent service is of vital importance for travel service provider to improve the customer satisfaction. So this paper adopts PZB gap model and SERVQUAL questionnaire as a reference, builds six service quality dimensions of online travel booking which based on data analysis and research, namely, "tangible", "reliability", "guarantee", "responsiveness", "empathy" and "user friendliness", with 18 specific measurements, the online travel booking service quality measurement instrument is eventually established. Through the statistical analysis, the authors test the hypotheses with reaching the following conclusions:(1) There is significant difference between customer perceived service quality standards and customer expectations of service quality level of online travel booking. (2) The online travel booking service quality dimensions positively correlated with overall satisfaction. Finally, the conclusions of this paper provides a reference to improve the quality of service and overall customer satisfaction of online travel booking. Keywords: Online Travel; Service Quality; Customer Satisfaction; Marketin

The chaperone activity of trigger factor is distinct from its isomerase activity during co-expression with adenylate kinase in Escherichia coli

AbstractTo investigate the molecular chaperone function of trigger factor (TF) and its relationship with isomerase activity in vivo, the assisted folding of adenylate kinase (AK) by TF in Escherichia coli was examined by measuring the amounts of soluble AK produced during co-expression. When the mutant of chicken AK, P17G, is expressed in plasmid pBVAK, 95% of the protein is found in inclusion bodies. Co-expression of AK with TF was achieved using a plasmid pBVAT that allowed expression of TF and AK in the same plasmid under separate control. Co-expression with TF resulted in an increase in the amount of soluble AK, with a higher increase when TF was expressed at higher levels in the cell. Co-expression of AK with the two TF mutants, Y221G and F233Y, in which peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity was 1% of wild-type, gave the same results as wild-type TF. This provides in vivo evidence that the molecular chaperone activity of TF is distinct from its isomerase activity