Stochastic Linear-quadratic Control Problems with Affine Constraints

In this paper, we investigate the stochastic linear-quadratic control problems with affine constraints in random coefficients case. With the help of the Pontryagin maximum principle and stochastic Riccati equation, the dual problem of original problem is established and the feedback solution of the optimal control problem is obtained. Under the Slater condition, the equivalence is proved between the solutions to the original problem and the ones of the dual problem, and the KKT condition is also provided for the dual problem. Finally, an invertibility assumption is given for ensuring the uniqueness of the solutions to the dual problem

Λb→Λc\Lambda_b \to \Lambda_c Form Factors from QCD Light-Cone Sum Rules

In this work, we calculate the transition form factors of $\Lambda_b$ decaying into $\Lambda_c$ within the framework of light-cone sum rules with the distribution amplitudes (DAs) of $\Lambda_b$-baryon. In the hadronic representation of the correlation function, we have isolated both the $\Lambda_c$ and the $\Lambda_c^*$ states so that the $\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda_c$ form factors can be obtained without ambiguity. We investigate the P-type and A-type current to interpolate the light baryons for a comparison since the interpolation current for the baryon state is not unique. We also employ three parametrization models for DAs of $\Lambda_b$ in the numerical calculation. We present the numerical predictions on the $\Lambda_b \rightarrow \Lambda_c$ form factors and the branching fractions, the averaged forward-backward asymmetry , the averaged final hadron polarization and the averaged lepton polarization of the $\Lambda_b \to \Lambda_c \ell\mu$ decays, as well as the ratio of branching ratios $R_{\Lambda_c}$, and the predicted $R_{\Lambda_c}$ can be consistent with the LHCb data.Comment: 22 pages, 2figur

Solution processed molecular floating gate for flexible flash memories

Solution processed fullerene (C60) molecular floating gate layer has been employed in low voltage nonvolatile memory device on flexible substrates. We systematically studied the charge trapping mechanism of the fullerene floating gate for both p-type pentacene and n-type copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) semiconductor in a transistor based flash memory architecture. The devices based on pentacene as semiconductor exhibited both hole and electron trapping ability, whereas devices with F16CuPc trapped electrons alone due to abundant electron density. All the devices exhibited large memory window, long charge retention time, good endurance property and excellent flexibility. The obtained results have great potential for application in large area flexible electronic devices

Headache in the Pediatric Emergency Service: A Medical Center Experience

BackgroundHeadache is a common complaint in children and is one of the most common reasons for presentation at a pediatric emergency department (PED). This study described the etiologies of patients with headache seen in the PED and determined predictors of intracranial pathology (ICP) requiring urgent intervention. A secondary objective was to develop rapid, practical tools for screening headache in the PED.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of children who presented with a chief complaint of headache at the PED during 2008. First, we identified possible red flags in the patients' history or physical examination and neurological examination findings. Then, we recorded the brain computed tomography results.ResultsDuring the study period, 43,913 visits were made to the PED; in 409 (0.9%) patients, the chief complaint was headache. Acute viral, respiratory, and febrile illnesses comprised the most frequent cause of headache (59.9%). Six children (1.5%) had life-threatening ICP findings. In comparison with the group without ICP, the group with ICP had a significantly higher percentage of blurred vision (p = 0.008) and ataxia (p = 0.002).ConclusionBlurred vision and ataxia are the best clinical parameters to predict ICP findings

2-{(1R,2R)-2-[Bis(4-methyl­benz­yl)amino]­cyclo­hex­yl}isoindoline-1,3-dione

In the title mol­ecule, C30H32N2O2, the two tolyl rings form dihedral angles of 65.8 (1) and 6.6 (1)° with the isoindole-1,3-dione mean plane. The cyclo­hexane ring adopts a chair conformation

Enhanced inhibitory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn mediates antinociceptive effects of TC-2559

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>TC-2559 is a selective α4β2 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist and α4β2 nAChR activation has been related to antinociception. The aim of this study is to investigate the analgesic effect of TC-2559 and its underlying spinal mechanisms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>1) <it>In vivo </it>bioavailability study: TC-2559 (3 mg/kg) had high absorption rate in rats with maximal total brain concentration reached over 4.6 μM within first 15 min after administration and eliminated rapidly with brain half life of about 20 min after injection. 2) <it>In vivo </it>behavioral experiments: TC-2559 exerts dose dependent antinociceptive effects in both formalin test in mice and chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats by activation of α4β2 nAChRs; 3) Whole-cell patch-clamp studies in the superficial dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord slices: perfusion of TC-2559 (2 μM) significantly increased the frequency, but not amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). The enhancement of sIPSCs was blocked by pre-application of DHβE (2 μM), a selective α4β2 nicotinic receptor antagonist. Neither the frequency nor the amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) of spinal dorsal horn neurons were affected by TC-2559.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn via activation of α4β2 nAChRs may be one of the mechanisms of the antinociceptive effects of TC-2559 on pathological pain models. It provides further evidence to support the notion that selective α4β2 subtype nAChR agonist may be developed as new analgesic drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain.</p

3-Chloro-6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)picolinic acid–triphenyl­phosphine oxide (1/1)

In the title 1:1 adduct, C11H10ClN3O2·C18H15OP, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and pyrazole rings is 10.3 (2)°. The two components of the adduct are linked by an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond