Genome cloning and genetic diversity of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus

514-519Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) with a wide distribution and variability is great threat to apple yield and quality. The systematic research on the occurrence, genetic structure and evolutionary mechanism is important for the prevention of ACLSV. In this study, 360 apple leaf samples were collected from Shanxi province and tested by RT-PCR, and the result showed that the incidence of ACLSV in Shanxi was ranged from 43.59% in Linfen to 68.18% in Wanrong. One new ACLSV isolate (shanxi14-MK368727) was collected from the positive samples, of which the genome (including the 5' and 3' ends) was 7507 bp and encoded 2536 amino acids. Compared with online database, the highest nd identity was between shanxi14 and KJ522693.1, and the lowest was shanxi14 and M58152.1. Phylogenetic analyzed based on genome showed that 25 isolated of ACLSV were divided two groups (Group I and II), which showed that was no significant correlation with geographic location. The selection pressures of POL, MP and CP were tested, the result proved the three genes were under negative selection pressure. The knowledge presented in this study will be useful in for the design of long-term, sustainable management strategies for controlling these viruses

Exogenous High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Injection Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction: Involvement of Wnt Signaling Activation

Exogenous high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) injection could prevent left ventricular remodeling and enhance left ventricular function during myocardial infarction (MI). However, the mechanism remains unclear. This paper was to investigate in the mechanism of cardioprotection of HMGB1 during MI in rats. Anesthetized male rats were treated once with HMGB1 (200 ng) 4 h after MI and then executed after 7 and 28 days, respectively. Cardiac function, collagen deposition, and dishevelled-1 and β-catenin protein expression were measured. After MI 7 days or 28 days, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly decreased compared to that of sham-operated control group (P < 0.05). However, the LVEF HMGB1-treated groups were significantly higher compared to those of the MI group in both 7 days and 28 days (P < 0.05). The collagen volume fraction was significantly reduced in the HMGB1-treated group in infarcted border zone. HMGB1 could activate the expression of dishevelled-1 and β-catenin proteins (P < 0.05). Our study suggested that exogenous high-mobility group box 1 protein injection improves cardiac function after MI, which may be involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation

OA-Bug: An Olfactory-Auditory Augmented Bug Algorithm for Swarm Robots in a Denied Environment

Searching in a denied environment is challenging for swarm robots as no assistance from GNSS, mapping, data sharing, and central processing is allowed. However, using olfactory and auditory to cooperate like animals could be an important way to improve the collaboration of swarm robots. In this paper, an Olfactory-Auditory augmented Bug algorithm (OA-Bug) is proposed for a swarm of autonomous robots to explore a denied environment. A simulation environment is built to measure the performance of OA-Bug. The coverage of the search task using OA-Bug can reach 96.93%, with the most significant improvement of 40.55% compared with a similar algorithm, SGBA. Furthermore, experiments are conducted on real swarm robots to prove the validity of OA-Bug. Results show that OA-Bug can improve the performance of swarm robots in a denied environment.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

The effect of intermittent versus continuous enteral feeding for critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ObjectivesThe appropriate strategy for enteral feeding in critically ill patients still remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare the effect of intermittent versus continuous enteral feeding method for critically ill patients.MethodsElectronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched up to April 10th, 2023 for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of intermittent versus continuous enteral feeding for critically ill patients. The primary outcomes were feeding intolerances, including diarrhea, vomiting, distension, constipation, gastric retention, and aspiration pneumonia. The secondary outcomes were mortality in intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in ICU, and achievement of nutritional goal.ResultsThirteen studies with a total of 884 patients were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Overall, the use of intermittent enteral feeding was associated with higher incidence of diarrhea (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.13 to 2.43, I2 = 16%) and distension (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.16 to 4.51, I2 = 0%), lower incidence of constipation (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.37 to 0.90, I2 = 0%), and longer length of ICU stay (MD 1.09, 95%CI 0.53 to 1.64, I2 = 0%). Moreover, no significant difference was identified for other outcome measures.ConclusionIn critically ill patients, the implementation of intermittent enteral feeding was associated with higher incidence of diarrhea and distension, longer length of ICU stay, but lower occurrence of constipation. Nevertheless, the absence of sufficient high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials precludes any definitive conclusions regarding the optimal approach to enteral feeding in this population. There is an imperative need for more studies to further assess the efficacy of the two enteral feeding strategies

Classification of pain expression images in elderly with hip fractures based on improved ResNet50 network

The aim of this study is designed an improved ResNet 50 network to achieve automatic classification model for pain expressions by elderly patients with hip fractures. This study built a dataset by combining the advantages of deep learning in image recognition, using a hybrid of the Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks (MTCNN). Based on ResNet50 network framework utilized transfer learning to implement model function. This study performed the hyperparameters by Bayesian optimization in the learning process. This study calculated intraclass correlation between visual analog scale scores provided by clinicians independently and those provided by pain expression evaluation assistant(PEEA). The automatic pain expression recognition model in elderly patients with hip fractures, which constructed using the algorithm. The accuracy achieved 99.6% on the training set, 98.7% on the validation set, and 98.2% on the test set. The substantial kappa coefficient of 0.683 confirmed the efficacy of PEEA in clinic. This study demonstrates that the improved ResNet50 network can be used to construct an automatic pain expression recognition model for elderly patients with hip fractures, which has higher accuracy

Removal of a Cationic Dye by Adsorption/Photodegradation Using Electrospun PAN/O-MMT Composite Nanofibrous Membranes Coated with TiO

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/organic-modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) composite nanofibrous membranes were firstly prepared by electrospinning and then coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) using spin coating technique. The structural morphology of the nanofibrous membranes with different mass ratio of O-MMT before and after spin coating was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The chemical property of adsorbed methylene blue (MB) was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR). The adsorption and photodegradation capability of the TiO2-coated PAN/O-MMT composite nanofibrous membranes were evaluated by adsorption rate of MB and K/S values of the membranes before and after UV irradiation. The experimental results indicated that with the increase of O-MMT amount, the diameters of the nanofibers decreased and the adsorption rate of MB was evidently improved. Besides, with the increase of TiO2 film layers, the photocatalytic properties were enhanced while the adsorption process was slowed down

ORY-1001 Suppresses Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Through Triggering HK2 Mediated Warburg Effect

ORY-1001, an inhibitor of covalent lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A), has been used as a therapy for the treatment of acute leukemia. However, the underlying mechanisms of anticancer are still not fully elucidated. Here, we report that KDM1A is highly expressed in lung cancers, where it appears to drive aggressive growth. Furthermore, lung cancer patients with higher KDM1A levels have worse survival outcomes than patients with lower KDM1A levels. Interestingly, ORY-1001significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, and induced apoptosis, by regulating the Warburg effect through controlling Hexokinases 2 (HK2) expression. In summary, these results indicate that ORY-1001 could inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells via regulating the Warburg effect by controlling HK2

Leveraging green finance and technological innovations for sustainable urban development: A comparative study of Chinese mega-cities

Being worlds' largest population, China is the biggest consumer of natural resources and causes the highest Carbon emissions due to its energy needs for economic development. This research aims to analyze the relationship between green finance, natural resources, carbon releases, and foreign direct investment on China's efforts towards durable economic sustainability. Difference-in-Difference frameworks are utilized to analyze the statistics acquired from 270 Chinese cities between 2002 and 2022. The findings indicate that the financial implications of carbon emissions significantly affect China's sustainable green economy. However, the short-term growth of the green economy is enhanced by the use of natural resources and the advancement of green financial markets. The results of this study provide empirical evidence that supports the theory positing a linear association among carbon releases, economic expansion, and natural resources. This study provides guidance to policymakers to make policies for enhanced and efficient use of natural resources. This may potentially contribute to the promotion of long-term sustainability in China and the facilitation of green growth

Cement-Induced Coagulation of Aqueous Graphene Oxide with Ultrahigh Capacity and High Rate Behavior

Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent physicochemical properties and is used in multiple areas. However, the potential toxicity and environmental problems associated with GO increase its risk to the ecological system. In this study, cement was employed as a coagulant to eliminate GO from aqueous solutions. The effects of the cement dosage, the contact time, and the concentration and volume of the aqueous GO solution on the GO coagulation capacity were investigated in detail. The results showed that the dosage of cement had a significant effect on the coagulation process, and coagulation equilibrium was achieved in less than 1 h. Compared to coagulants used to remove GO from water in other reports, cement exhibited an ultrahigh coagulation capacity of approximately 5981.2 mg/g with 0.4 mg/mL GO solution. The kinetic analysis showed that the GO removal behavior could be described by a pseudo second-order model. The in-depth mechanism of GO coagulation using cement included Ca2+-induced coagulation of GO and adsorption by the hydrated product of cement paste. The present study revealed that cement could be a very cheap and promising material for the efficient elimination of GO from aqueous solutions