South Koreans' attitudes toward foreigners, minorities and multiculturalism

노트 : Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Boston, MA from August 1-4, 2008

Moving boundary and photoelastic coupling in GaAs optomechanical resonators

Chip-based cavity optomechanical systems are being considered for applications in sensing, metrology, and quantum information science. Critical to their development is an understanding of how the optical and mechanical modes interact, quantified by the coupling rate $g_{0}$. Here, we develop GaAs optomechanical resonators and investigate the moving dielectric boundary and photoelastic contributions to $g_{0}$. First, we consider coupling between the fundamental radial breathing mechanical mode and a 1550 nm band optical whispering gallery mode in microdisks. For decreasing disk radius from $R=5$ $\mu$m to $R=1$ $\mu$m, simulations and measurements show that $g_{0}$ changes from being dominated by the moving boundary contribution to having an equal photoelastic contribution. Next, we design and demonstrate nanobeam optomechanical crystals in which a $2.5$ GHz mechanical breathing mode couples to a 1550 nm optical mode predominantly through the photoelastic effect. We show a significant (30 $\%$) dependence of $g_{0}$ on the device's in-plane orientation, resulting from the difference in GaAs photoelastic coefficients along different crystalline axes, with fabricated devices exhibiting $g_{\text{0}}/2\pi$ as high as 1.1 MHz for orientation along the [110] axis. GaAs nanobeam optomechanical crystals are a promising system which can combine the demonstrated large optomechanical coupling strength with additional functionality, such as piezoelectric actuation and incorporation of optical gain media

Newly designed coil tube for bowel decompression in patients with small bowel obstructions

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate a coil tube that we recently designed for bowel decompression in patients with a small bowel obstruction.MethodsThe coil tube was composed of a stainless steel coil, a polyolefin tube, and a rubber adaptor. The tube was inserted under fluoroscopic guidance in 14 consecutive patients with small bowel obstructions. Technical success was defined as insertion of the distal end of the tube into at least the proximal jejunum, and clinical success was defined as intestinal decompression and relief of obstructive symptoms.ResultsThe technical success rate was 100%. Clinical success was achieved in 12 patients (86%). The clinical failures were a patient with peritoneal carcinomatosis and an ileocolic fistula, and a patient with bezoars following intestinal hemorrhage. No coil-related complications occurred.ConclusionOur newly designed coil tube was safe and effective in patients with bowel decompression associated with a small bowel obstruction. In addition, our tube has several advantages over other currently used tube types

Continuity of retail therapy of fashion product shopping - A daily diary analysis -

Since the late 2000s, healing which is comforts and heals the tiredness has been emerging as a consumer trend, from economic recession and social relationships. This is emerging through consumers’ attitudes about their present happiness. Previous studies have explained that consumers can feel better through shopping, and introduced concepts such as \u27Retail Therapy\u27 or \u27Therapy Shopping\u27. This study analyzes the participants’ diary for a week to find the mechanism of retail therapy effect and continuity