Oscillations of Second-Order Neutral Impulsive Differential Equations

Necessary and sufficient conditions are established for oscillation of second-order neutral impulsive differential equation [y(t)+py(t-τ)]′′+qy(t-σ)=0, t≠tk, Δ(y′(tk)+py′(tk-τ))+q1y(tk-σ)=0, where the coefficients q,q1>0; p<0, τ,σ<0, and Δy(i)(tk)=y(i)(tk+)-y(i)(tk-), i=0,1

On the Fractional Difference Equations of Order (

This paper presents a kind of new definition of fractional difference, fractional summation, and fractional difference equations and gives methods for explicitly solving fractional difference equations of order (2,q)

人造血管在血液透析造瘘的应用及护理

Objective: To study the application of artificial blood vessels to build alternative standard arteriovenous fistula blood vessels for hemodialysis maintenance nursing. Methods: 17 cases of patients underwent artificial blood vessel transplantation, material for ptfe (PTEE), 30 cm in length, inner diameter 5mm, from 2012 to 2013 in Jinan military region general hospital. Artificial blood vessel transplantation is more operated on brachial vein, cephalic vein, median cubital vein and basilic vein. When the anastomosis among artificial blood vessels and brachial artery and vein anastomosis was established, the arterial end was on the inner side. When the anastomosis among brachial vein, median cubital vein and basilic vein was established, the arterial end was on the outside for the extension of vascular access. Results: 15 cases have hemodialysis after two months’ treatment, 1 case have artificial blood vessel fistula after swelling for 4 months, infection of thrombosis occurred one month after the operation in 1 case. Conclusion: Artificial blood vessel show good biocompatibility, high long-term patency rate, blood flow, and convenient puncture point. It builds the “lifeline” for the patients who are unable to establish a good vascular access. It is of great significance to improve the management of artificial blood vessel fistula for maintenance hemodialysis patients.目的  研究应用人造血管造瘘替代标准动静脉血管维持血液透析的护理。方法  本院自2012—2013年对17例血液透析患者进行人造血管移植术，材料为聚四氟乙烯（PTEE）材料，长度30cm，内径5mm。人造血管移植术多选择与肱动脉和头静脉或肘正中静脉、贵要静脉U型吻合。人造血管与肱动脉和头静脉吻合时，动脉端在内侧。但肱动脉与肘正中静脉、贵要静脉吻合时，为延长有效性血管通路，动脉端则在外侧。结果  15例术后2个月成熟顺利实施血液透析，1例持续肿胀4个月后开始应用，1例术后1个月出现感染血栓形成。结论  人造血管具有生物相容性好、长期通畅率高、血流量大、穿刺方便、穿刺部位充足等优点，为自身血管条件差、无法建立良好血管通路的透析患者提供了可靠的血管通路，为维持性血液透析患者建立了“生命线”。加强透析过程中的人造血管内瘘管理对于维持透析患者良好的血管通路具有重要意义