Plant diversity of Southeast Asia-II

The special issue of plant diversity in Southeast Asia will focus on the documentation of new discoveries in SE Asia. There are four global biodiversity hotspots in Southeast Asia. Although there are many plans to protect this rich biodiversity, however, the rich biodiversity in SE Asia is under threat due to economic development and population growth. There is a huge gap between our knowledge and biodiversity in SE Asia. During the last six investigations, many new taxa, including new species, new genera, have been discovered. This special issue will bring the rich but little known biodiversity to the public and protect them

(E)-3,3′-(Diazene-1,2-di­yl)bis­(1-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetra­hydro­pyrrolo­[3,4-c]pyrazol-5-ium) dinitrate dihydrate

The title compound, C12H18N8 2+·2NO3 −·2H2O, was synthesized unexpectedly from 3-amino-1-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetra­hydro­pyrrolo­[3,4-c]pyrazol-5-ium chloride and cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate. The cation has a crystallographically imposed centre of symmetry. In the crystal, the ions and water mol­ecules are linked via O—H⋯N, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network

Analysis on the Risk and Supervision of P2P Online Financing Platforms in China

Microcredit is a vital breakthrough to solve the financial problems of low-income groups and small and medium-sized enterprises, while traditional microfinance providers can only meet a small proportion of their capital needs. By using internet technology, P2P online financing extends the innovative development of microcredit with the aim of solving traditional micro-credit problems. This paper mainly explores the existing online financing operation model of P2P in China, and summarizes the relevant problems, such as low entry barriers for P2P online financing enterprises and lack of supervision, Lack of verification on the qualification of borrowers and poor management of the platform, imperfect information revealed or providing false information by platform, etc. Finally, the article put forward some suggestions concerning the healthy development for the P2P online financing platform, including the establishing entry audit system and strengthening the supervision of the P2P platform, strengthening the management of borrowers and improving the credit collection system, and strengthening the disclosure of information by platform

How tyramine β-hydroxylase controls the production of octopamine, modulating the mobility of beetles

Biogenic amines perform many kinds of important physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS) of insects, acting as neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and neurohormones. The five most abundant types of biogenic amines in invertebrates are dopamine, histamine, serotonin, tyramine, and octopamine (OA). However, in beetles, an important group of model and pest insects, the role of tyramine beta-hydroxylase (T beta H) in the OA biosynthesis pathway and the regulation of behavior remains unknown so far. We therefore investigated the molecular characterization and spatiotemporal expression profiles of T beta H in red flour beetles (Triboliun castaneum). Most importantly, we detected the production of OA and measured the crawling speed of beetles after dsTcT beta H injection. We concluded that TcT beta H controls the biosynthesis amount of OA in the CNS, and this in turn modulates the mobility of the beetles. Our new results provided basic information about the key genes in the OA biosynthesis pathway of the beetles, and expanded our knowledge on the physiological functions of OA in insects