Cycloaromatization Approach to Polysubstituted Indolizines from 2‑Acetylpyrroles: Decoration of the Pyridine Unit

A new synthetic route to indolizines with various substituents on the pyridine moiety was developed by utilizing a facile cycloaromatization of 2-acetylpyrrole derivatives. Without isolation, the resulting intermediates were allowed to react with various electrophiles to afford a range of indolizines. In particular, Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of <i>O</i>-triflates with (hetero)­arylboronic acids permitted introduction of diverse substituents at the C8 position of an indolizine skeleton

Palladium-Catalyzed α‑Arylation of Aryloxyketones for the Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Benzofurans

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of aryloxyketones has been developed, allowing for facile installation of various (hetero)­aryl groups at C2 position in good to excellent yields. Subsequent cyclodehydration of the resulting α-arylated aryloxyketones provided rapid access to diverse 2,3-disubstitured benzofurans

Clinically determined type of ¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake as an alternative prognostic marker in resectable pancreatic cancer

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To investigate the association between clinical PET (positron emission tomography) type and oncologic outcome in resectable pancreatic cancer.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Between January 2008 and October 2012, patients who underwent potentially curative resection for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma without neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively investigated. Clinical PET type was defined as follows: pancreatic cancer with similar ¹⁸FDG uptake to renal calyx was determined as kidney-type (K-type), and relatively lower ¹⁸FDG uptake than that of renal calyx was regarded as Non-K type.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 53 patients were enrolled. After agreement-based reclassification, agreement based K-type (aK-type) was noted in 34 patients (64.2%), and agreement based Non-K type (aNon K-type) was found in 19 patients (35.8%). There was a significant difference between aK-type and aNon K-type pancreatic cancer (tumor size (<i>P</i> = 0.030), adjusted CA 19–9 (<i>P</i> = 0.007), maximum standard uptake value (SUV_max,<i>P</i><0.001), metabolic tumor volume (MTV_2.5, <i>P</i><0.001), total lesion glycolysis (TLG, <i>P</i><0.001)). K-type pancreatic cancer (n = 31) showed a significantly shorter disease-free time compared with Non-K type (n = 16) (10.8 vs. 24.1 months, <i>P</i> = 0.013). It was also noted that aK-type showed inferior disease-free survival to that of aNon-K type pancreatic cancer (11.9 vs. 28.6 months, <i>P</i> = 0.012).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Clinical PET type is a reliable clinical marker to estimate aggressive tumor biology and can be utilized in predicting tumor recurrence and necessity for postoperative chemotherapy.</p></div

Univariate and multivariate analysis of disease-free survival for aK-type.

<p>Univariate and multivariate analysis of disease-free survival for aK-type.</p

Determining clinical PET type based on perceived FDG-uptake intensity in the renal calyx.

<p>(a) K-type, the perceived signal intensity of FDG-uptake in pancreatic head cancer (thick empty white arrow) is similar to that of the renal calyx(thin white arrow) (b) Non-K-type, the perceived signal intensity of FDG-uptake in pancreatic head cancer (thick empty white arrow) is lower than that of the renal calyx(thin white arrow).</p

Oncologic role of postoperative chemotherapy according to clinical PET type in resectable pancreatic cancer.

<p>aK-type, agreement-based K-type; aNon K-type, agreement-based Non K-type; CTx, postoperative chemotherapy.</p

Clinicopathological differences according to individual surgeons’ clinical type of FDG-uptake.

<p>Clinicopathological differences according to individual surgeons’ clinical type of FDG-uptake.</p

Oncologic outcomes according to agreement-based reclassification of clinical PET type.

<p>aK-type, agreement-based K-type; aNon K-type, agreement-based Non K-type.</p

Agreement-based clinical PET type in six patients in whom not all three surgeons agreed on PET type.

<p>Agreement-based clinical PET type in six patients in whom not all three surgeons agreed on PET type.</p

Disease-free survival according to clinical PET type determined by individual surgeons.

<p>Disease-free survival according to clinical PET type determined by individual surgeons.</p