Nanotube spin defects for omnidirectional magnetic field sensing

Optically addressable spin defects in three-dimensional (3D) crystals and two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials are revolutionizing nanoscale quantum sensing. Spin defects in one-dimensional (1D) vdW nanotubes will provide unique opportunities due to their small sizes in two dimensions and absence of dangling bonds on side walls. However, optically detected magnetic resonance of localized spin defects in a nanotube has not been observed. Here, we report the observation of single spin color centers in boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) at room temperature. Our findings suggest that these BNNT spin defects possess a spin $S=1/2$ ground state without an intrinsic quantization axis, leading to orientation-independent magnetic field sensing. We harness this unique feature to observe anisotropic magnetization of a 2D magnet in magnetic fields along orthogonal directions, a challenge for conventional spin $S=1$ defects such as diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers. Additionally, we develop a method to deterministically transfer a BNNT onto a cantilever and use it to demonstrate scanning probe magnetometry. Further refinement of our approach will enable atomic scale quantum sensing of magnetic fields in any direction.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Interference of the scattered vector light fields from two optically levitated nanoparticles

We experimentally study the interference of dipole scattered light from two optically levitated nanoparticles in vacuum, which present an environment free of particle-substrate interactions. We illuminate the two trapped nanoparticles with a linearly polarized probe beam orthogonal to the propagation of the trapping laser beams. The scattered light from the nanoparticles are collected by a high numerical aperture (NA) objective lens and imaged. The interference fringes from the scattered vector light for the different dipole orientations in image and Fourier space are observed. Especially, the interference fringes of two scattered light fields with polarization vortex show the {\pi} shift of the interference fringes between inside and outside the center region of the two nanoparticles in the image space. As far as we know, this is the first experimental observation of the interference of scattered vector light fields from two dipoles in free space. This work also provides a simple and direct method to determine the spatial scales between optically levitated nanoparticles by the interference fringes

Quantum control and Berry phase of electron spins in rotating levitated diamonds in high vacuum

Abstract Levitated diamond particles in high vacuum with internal spin qubits have been proposed for exploring macroscopic quantum mechanics, quantum gravity, and precision measurements. The coupling between spins and particle rotation can be utilized to study quantum geometric phase, create gyroscopes and rotational matter-wave interferometers. However, previous efforts in levitated diamonds struggled with vacuum level or spin state readouts. To address these gaps, we fabricate an integrated surface ion trap with multiple stabilization electrodes. This facilitates on-chip levitation and, for the first time, optically detected magnetic resonance measurements of a nanodiamond levitated in high vacuum. The internal temperature of our levitated nanodiamond remains moderate at pressures below 10−5 Torr. We have driven a nanodiamond to rotate up to 20 MHz (1.2 × 109 rpm), surpassing typical nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center electron spin dephasing rates. Using these NV spins, we observe the effect of the Berry phase arising from particle rotation. In addition, we demonstrate quantum control of spins in a rotating nanodiamond. These results mark an important development in interfacing mechanical rotation with spin qubits, expanding our capacity to study quantum phenomena

Association between Low Free Triiodothyronine Levels and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background. Low free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels are generally associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart diseases, but this is controversial and there is a lack of data about ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Chinese patients. Objective. To assess the association between fT3 levels and the prognosis of patients with STEMI. Methods. This was a prospective observational study of 699 consecutive patients with STEMI treated at the Xinqiao Hospital between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014. The patients were divided into the low fT3 (fT3 < 3.1 pmol/L; n=179, 27.5%) and normal fT3 (fT3 ≥ 3.1 pmol/L; n=473, 72.5%) groups according to fT3 levels at admission. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months for all-cause death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results. During the 1-year follow-up, there were 70 all-cause deaths (39.1%) in the low fT3 group and 40 (8.5%) in the normal fT3 group (P<0.001). MACE occurred in 105 patients (58.7%) in the low fT3 group and 74 (15.6%) in the normal fT3 group (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that fT3 levels were independently associated with 30-day and 1-year all-cause death [30-day: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.702, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.501–0.983, P=0.04; 1-year: HR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.411–0.755, P<0.001] and MACE (30-day: HR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.528–0.979, P=0.036; 1-year: HR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.445–0.698, P<0.001). Conclusion. Low fT3 levels were strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with STEMI. Measurement of fT3 levels may be a valuable and simple way to identify high-risk STEMI patients

Hyperspectral indices for leaf and pixel chlorophyll estimation in open-canopy tree - art. no. 675222

In this paper, the goal is to found indices; best for Cab estimation with leaves and heperion pixels. There are several indices chosen, which showed best results for Cab estimation at both leaf and canopy levels in other studies. Forty-eight typical leaves were sampled in middle and lower reach of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China. Leaf reflectance and Chlorophyll of leaves collected. Result demonstrated that Indices such as red edge and derivative indices R750/R710, R740/R720, (R734-R747)/(R715+R720), Blog(1/R737), D715/D705,(R734-R747)/(R715+R726), (R694-R680)/(R732-R760) were shown to be the good indicators for Cab estimation at leaf. Hyperion data were acquired for Aqike section in the middle reaches of the Tarim River in Nine 28, 2006. Field data were collected at same day to coincide with the Hyperion, including Chlorophyll of each tree, LAI, green vegetation cover. LAI derived from scanopy 2006. Inventory field plots were 120mx120m quadrants, and Chlorophyll of pixel is deduced from field data of 360 trees. Generally good results are found for Cab estimation at pixel level with indices such as, (R734-R747)/(R715+R726), Blog(1/R737), (R694-R680)/(R732-R760), TCARI, TCARI/OSAVI, MCARI/OSAVI and so on. It was found that (R734-R747)/(R715+R720), Blog(1/R737), D715/D705, (R734-R747)/(R715+R726), (R694-R680)/(R732-R760),R740/R720 were successfully test on leaves and piexls. On the other hand, the "modified" indices (TCARI, MCAVI, TCARI/OSAVI, MCARI/OSAVI) already give good results at. the piexl level