Propuesta de Modelo de Gestión de Proyectos para el Departamento de la Administración Tributaria de la Municipalidad de San Carlos conforme al marco legal y buenas prácticas

Proyecto de Graduación (Maestría en Gerencia de Proyectos) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Área Académica de Gerencia de Proyectos, 2019.Este trabajo de investigación corresponde al desarrollo de una propuesta de un modelo de gestión inicial, para los proyectos en el Departamento de la Administración Tributaria de la Municipalidad de San Carlos, a partir de la conceptualización de buenas prácticas referenciadas en instituciones similares. Para el desarrollo y el cumplimiento de los objetivos, se realizó un análisis y estudio de la situación actual de la gestión, con la finalidad de obtener un punto de referencia en torno a cómo se estaban gestionando los proyectos; para posteriormente compararlo con un marco referencial de buenas prácticas a partir de la Guía del PMBOK® e instituciones similares en el sector público y adaptar estas mejores prácticas al Departamento Tributario. El estudio se realizó con un enfoque cualitativo de investigación-acción, utilizando las técnicas de recolección de datos como entrevistas semi estructuradas y grupos focales para conocer la situación del Departamento de Administración Tributario de la Municipalidad de San Carlos. Luego del análisis comparativo de la situación actual y el marco de referencia, se obtuvieron hallazgos en cuanto a la ausencia de la aplicación de buenas prácticas y herramientas que permiten desarrollar una gestión adecuada; encontrándose la falta de actas constitutivas, debilidades en las definiciones del alcance, así como la poca documentación del mismo. Además, de la carencia de una estructura detallada de trabajo, falencias sobre todo en el grupo de proceso de inicio y la planificación de los proyectos. El análisis comparativo y el estudio de brechas permitieron la definición de un plan de acción, el cual es plasmado mediante el desarrollo de una propuesta inicial de modelo de gestión, para disminuir las brechas entre las mejores prácticas referenciadas y el estado actual, acorde con el marco legal y las necesidades del Departamento. Como parte de la propuesta realizada, se desarrollaron los procesos y las herramientas, aplicables al Departamento Tributario de la municipalidad, y se incluye una propuesta de implementación del modelo de gestión desarrollado, determinando las posibles acciones, los responsables y el costo aproximado del mismo.The following research paper corresponds to a project management proposal for the taxation department of San Carlos local government, based on best practices referenced from similar institutions. In order to properly develop and comply with this research, a situational analysis of current project management practices was conducted, with the object of gathering a snapshot of current procedures; to later compare with PMBOK® best practices and similar institutions of local public sector, to enable proper adjustment of referred best practices to the taxation department. Research was conducted with a qualitative focus mainly driven by research-action, using semi-structure interviews and focus groups as primary techniques to gather enough information, to properly assess current situation. Following the comparative analysis and referential framework, an interesting lack of best practices and tools was identified in terms of project managements for local government. Absence of project establishment acts, weakness on scope definition and missing details work structure where among the main improvement areas identified for the groups responsible for project initiation and planning. Comparative analysis in conjunction with gap analyses allowed creation of an action plan to propose new way to address project management, targeted to close gaps between listed best practices and current state of local government. All this inside legal framework and needs presented by taxation department. As part of final proposal tools and process were developed applicable and customize for local government taxation department. Additionally, an implementation proposal is included as well as a development management model, outlining possible actions, responsible and estimate costs

On optimal predefined-time stabilization

This paper addresses the problem of optimal predefined-time stability. Predefined-time stable systems are a class of fixed-time stable dynamical systems for which the minimum bound of the settling-time function can be defined a priori as an explicit parameter of the system. Sufficient conditions for a controller to solve the optimal predefined-time stabilization problem for a given nonlinear system are provided. These conditions involve a Lyapunov function that satisfies a certain differential inequality for guaranteeing predefined-time stability. It also satisfies the steady-state Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation for ensuring optimality. Furthermore, for nonlinear affine systems and a certain class of performance index, a family of optimal predefined-time stabilizing controllers is derived. This class of controllers is applied to optimize the sliding manifold reaching phase in predefined time, considering both the unperturbed and perturbed cases. For the perturbed case, the idea of integral sliding mode control is jointly used to ensure robustness. Finally, as a study case, the predefined-time optimization of the sliding manifold reaching phase in a pendulum system is performed using the developed methods, and numerical simulations are carried out to show their behavior

Semi-Global Predefined-Time Stable Systems

A Lyapunov-based construction of a predefined-time stabilizing function (a function that stabilizes a system in fixed-time with settling time as function of the controller parameters) for scalar systems is considered in this paper. The constructed function involves the inverse incomplete gamma function, causing this function to be semi-global, i.e., the domain of definition of the function can be made as large as wanted with an appropriate parameter selection. Finally, the constructed function is used to design predefined-time stabilizing controllers which are robust against vanishing and non-vanishing perturbations

Semi-Global Predefined-Time Stable Vector Systems

In this paper, we expose a control function which allows the semi-global predefined-time stabilization of first-order vector systems. The predefined-time stability is a stronger class of finite-time stability that has as main advantage the settling time as a tunable parameter of the proposed function. To design that stabilizing function, we use the unit control principle jointly to the inverse incomplete gamma function. For the resulting expression, the domain of definition the inverse incomplete gamma function can be made as large as wanted with an appropriate parameter selection, and, as consequence, the attraction domain of the systems. Therefore, we say that the system exhibits semi-global predefined-time stability. As an essential feature, the parameter which defines the settling time bound and those that tune the attraction domain are independent of each other. Finally, the constructed function is used to design predefined-time stabilizing controllers which are robust against vanishing and non-vanishing perturbations

A Second Order Predefined-Time Control Algorithm

The predefined-time stabilization of second-order systems, i.e. the fixed-time stabilization with settling time as a function of the controller parameters, is revisited in this paper. The proposed controller is a time-based switched controller which first drive the system trajectories to a linear manifold in predefined time and then uses a nested second order controller. The application of the results is demonstrated for the trajectory tracking control in fully actuated mechanical systems. An illustrative example of the control of a two-link planar manipulator with predefined-time convergence shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

Predefined-Time Backstepping Control for Tracking a Class of Mechanical Systems

The predefined-time exact tracking of unperturbed fully actuated mechanical systems is considered in this paper. A continuous second-order predefined-time stabilizing backstepping controller, designed using first-order predefined-time stabilizing functions, is developed to solve this problem. As an example, the proposed solution is applied over a two-link planar manipulator and numerical simulations are conducted to show performance of the proposed control scheme.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

Backstepping Design for the Predefined-Time Stabilization of Second-Order Systems

The backstepping design of a controller which stabilizes a class of second-order systems in predefined-time is studied in this paper. The origin of a dynamical system is said to be predefined-time stable if it is fixed-time stable and an upper bound of the settling-time function can be arbitrarily chosen a priori through an appropriate selection of the system parameters. The proposed backstepping construction is based on recently proposed Lyapunov-like sufficient conditions for predefined-time stability. Different from other approaches, the proposed backstepping design allows the simultaneous construction of a Lyapunov function which meets the conditions for guaranteeing predefined-time stability. A simulation example is presented to show the behavior of a developed controller, and to show its advantages against similar schemes.ITESO, A.C

Changes in electromyographic activity of latent trigger points after a dry needling intervention: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective To analyse the effects of dry needling (DN) in upper trapezius latent trigger points (LTrPs) on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and surface electromyography (sEMG). Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Settings Sports Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha. Participants Forty-six participants (18–35 years old) with LTrP in the upper trapezius were divided into two groups: DN-group and Sham-DN-group. Interventions In the DN-group, the needle was inserted 10-times through the skin, and it was manipulated up and down using a "fast in and out" technique. In the Sham-DN-group, non-penetrating needles were used. Main outcome measures PPT, sEMG at rest, and sEMG in isometric contraction of the LTrP of the upper trapezius muscle were evaluated at baseline, 30 min after treatment, and after 24 h, and 72 h of follow-up. Results The mean change in sEMG at rest between baseline and 30 min was − 0.38 (0.38) %refRMS for the DN group and − 0.05 (0.31) %refRMS for the Sham-DN group (mean difference −0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference: − 0.54 to − 0.13), and between baseline and 24 h was − 0.35 (0.35) %refRMS for the DN group and − 0.06 (0.58) %refRMS for the Sham-DN group (mean difference −0.29, 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.01). In addition, the DN-group showed higher values of PPT than the Sham-DN group at 72 h (5.22 (1.23) to 4.65 (1.03) kg/cm2; p < 0.05). Conclusions A single session of DN intervention was effective in reducing the electromyographic activity, muscle fatigue and pain of the upper trapezius muscle in LTrP.pre-print542 K

Estimação Robusta para um CSTR Usando uma Ordem Elevada Modo Deslizante Observador e um Estimador Baseado em Observador

This paper presents an estimation structure for a continuous stirred-tank reactor, which is comprised of a sliding mode observer-based estimator coupled with a high-order sliding-mode observer. The whole scheme allows the robust estimation of the state and some parameters, specifically the concentration of the reactive mass, the heat of reaction and the global coefficient of heat transfer, by measuring the temperature inside the reactor and the temperature inside the jacket. In order to verify the results, the convergence proof of the proposed structure is done, and numerical simulations are presented with noiseless and noisy measurements, suggesting the applicability of the posed approach.Este trabajo presenta una estructura de estimación para un reactor de tanque agitado en continuo, la cual se compone de un estimador basado en observador por modos deslizantes acoplado con un observador por modos deslizantes de alto orden. Todo el esquema permite la estimación robusta del estado y algunos parámetros, concretamente la concentración de la masa reactiva, el calor de reacción y el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor, a partir de la medición de las temperaturas al interior del reactor y de la chaqueta. Para verificar los resultados, se realizan pruebas de convergencia de la estructura propuesta, y se presentan simulaciones numéricas con mediciones ruidosas y sin ruido, lo que sugiere la aplicabilidad del enfoque planteado.Este trabalho apresenta uma estrutura de estimativa para um reator de tanque agitado continuamente, que é composta por um estimador baseado em observador deslizante de modo acoplado com um alto ordem modo deslizante observador. Todo o esquema permite a estimativa robusta do estado e alguns parâmetros, a saber, a concentração da massa de reação, o calor da reação e o coeficiente de transferência total de calor, a partir da medição da temperatura no interior do reator e da jaqueta. Para verificar os resultados, as evidências de convergência da estrutura proposta são feitas, e simulações numéricas são apresentadas com medidas ruidosas e sem ruído, o que sugere a aplicação da abordagem proposta

Predefined-time stabilization of high order systems

The aim of this paper is to introduce a controller that stabilizes a class of arbitrary order systems in predefined-time. The proposed controller is designed with basis on the block-control principle yielding in a nested structure similar to high order sliding mode algorithms and terminal sliding mode algorithms. For this case, it is assumed the availability of the state and the absence of perturbations. Numerical simulations expose the desired performance of this controller