Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Childhood: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT: Introduction. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD), as well as any other mental disorder, has been in constant evolution since its first descriptions, the result of current evidence regarding its etiology, clinical presentation and treatment; is now defined as a neurobehavioral or neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity and occurs in more than one setting (for example, home, school, when with friends or other social settings) is one of the most important conditions in child psychiatric patients, with a prevalence of up to 50%. Its worldwide prevalence oscillates around 4-15% with an epidemiological impact in academic, social, and family areas, tempered by sociocultural conditions. Objective. Adequate diagnostic criteria are required for the adolescent and adult stage. The presence of comorbidity will also need to be assessed and optimal treatment provided to patients. Methods. To achieve a better understanding of the construct on ADHD, a search was carried out for the available information for a better approach to this pathology. Results. After conducting an extensive review of the literature, the authors concluded that the diagnostic criteria for ADHD should be standardized, activities aimed at detecting comorbidities, facilitating referral processes with specialists, and the education of health professionals in first and second level of care, as well as teachers and parents. Conclusions. The correct evaluation, detection, and timely referral, as well as proposing the best treatment available at the arrival of patients is essential to prevent comorbidities associated with ADHD, without forgetting that it is a disorder of multifactorial etiology and should be managed as such

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Childhood: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT: Introduction. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD), as well as any other mental disorder, has been in constant evolution since its first descriptions, the result of current evidence regarding its etiology, clinical presentation and treatment; is now defined as a neurobehavioral or neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity and occurs in more than one setting (for example, home, school, when with friends or other social settings) is one of the most important conditions in child psychiatric patients, with a prevalence of up to 50%. Its worldwide prevalence oscillates around 4-15% with an epidemiological impact in academic, social, and family areas, tempered by sociocultural conditions. Objective. Adequate diagnostic criteria are required for the adolescent and adult stage. The presence of comorbidity will also need to be assessed and optimal treatment provided to patients. Methods. To achieve a better understanding of the construct on ADHD, a search was carried out for the available information for a better approach to this pathology. Results. After conducting an extensive review of the literature, the authors concluded that the diagnostic criteria for ADHD should be standardized, activities aimed at detecting comorbidities, facilitating referral processes with specialists, and the education of health professionals in first and second level of care, as well as teachers and parents. Conclusions. The correct evaluation, detection, and timely referral, as well as proposing the best treatment available at the arrival of patients is essential to prevent comorbidities associated with ADHD, without forgetting that it is a disorder of multifactorial etiology and should be managed as such