Prophylactic Antimicrobial Therapy in Children with Hydronephrosis

Objective: The goal of this literature review was to examine the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in children with hydronephrosis. Methods: Research articles from 2005-2011 were reviewed to identify primary studies on children with documented hydronephrosis. A total of 20 articles met these criteria, however only 10 of these articles were used in this review, focusing specifically on studies, which examined the need for treatment with prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for children with hydronephrosis, or looked at antibiotic resistance patterns in children receiving prophylactic treatment for hydronephrosis. Results: The literature review revealed conflicting data about the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in preventing infection in children with hydronephrosis. A majority of the studies found that the risk for antibiotic resistance outweighed potential kidney damage and concluded that children with hydronephrosis should be placed on prophylactic antibiotic therapy. However, others concluded that the potential for antibiotic resistance places the child at a higher risk due to the inability to combat infections with the appropriate antibiotics. Conclusion: Current literature supports the concern about the impact of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in children but yet, there is not enough evidence-based research to change the current treatment method used for children with hydronephrosis. Recommendations point to the best treatment for children with hydronephrosis should be to manage each case individually based on the severity of the renal impairment. The various grades of hydronephrosis and the underlying condition should be treated as separate conditions because ultimately they have a different outcome

The Occurrence of Acarapis dorsalis, Acarapis externus and Acarapis woodi Mites in honey bee populations surrounding Poitiers, France

Acarapis mites have been present in the United States since 1984 and are presently considered a threat to honey bee populations in North America. They have been present in Europe since 1921 where infestation rates have now dwindled to a level that is not considered dangerous. Consequently, accurate information on infestation rates is no longer being collected in that region. This paper presents the results of a study that seeks to gather data on current infestation rates in France, one of the earliest locations of epidemic Acarapis infestation. Honey bees from 40 hives near Poitiers, France were examined to determine infestation rates for three types of parasitic mites: Acarapis woodi, A. dorsalis, and A. externus. Dissections of 475 honeybees revealed sporadic, mild infestation of all three mites, suggesting that Acarapis mite infestation is still present, however not a threat in France

Appendix.pdf

Acarapis mites have been present in the United States since 1984 and are presently considered a threat to honey bee populations in North America. They have been present in Europe since 1921 where infestation rates have now dwindled to a level that is not considered dangerous. Consequently, accurate information on infestation rates is no longer being collected in that region. This paper presents the results of a study that seeks to gather data on current infestation rates in France, one of the earliest locations of epidemic Acarapis infestation. Honey bees from 40 hives near Poitiers, France were examined to determine infestation rates for three types of parasitic mites: Acarapis woodi, A. dorsalis, and A. externus. Dissections of 475 honeybees revealed sporadic, mild infestation of all three mites, suggesting that Acarapis mite infestation is still present, however not a threat in France.Keywords: Parasitic Mites, Honey be

thesis body.pdf

Acarapis mites have been present in the United States since 1984 and are presently considered a threat to honey bee populations in North America. They have been present in Europe since 1921 where infestation rates have now dwindled to a level that is not considered dangerous. Consequently, accurate information on infestation rates is no longer being collected in that region. This paper presents the results of a study that seeks to gather data on current infestation rates in France, one of the earliest locations of epidemic Acarapis infestation. Honey bees from 40 hives near Poitiers, France were examined to determine infestation rates for three types of parasitic mites: Acarapis woodi, A. dorsalis, and A. externus. Dissections of 475 honeybees revealed sporadic, mild infestation of all three mites, suggesting that Acarapis mite infestation is still present, however not a threat in France.Keywords: Parasitic Mites, Honey be

Forepages.pdf

Acarapis mites have been present in the United States since 1984 and are presently considered a threat to honey bee populations in North America. They have been present in Europe since 1921 where infestation rates have now dwindled to a level that is not considered dangerous. Consequently, accurate information on infestation rates is no longer being collected in that region. This paper presents the results of a study that seeks to gather data on current infestation rates in France, one of the earliest locations of epidemic Acarapis infestation. Honey bees from 40 hives near Poitiers, France were examined to determine infestation rates for three types of parasitic mites: Acarapis woodi, A. dorsalis, and A. externus. Dissections of 475 honeybees revealed sporadic, mild infestation of all three mites, suggesting that Acarapis mite infestation is still present, however not a threat in France.Keywords: Honey bee, Parasitic MitesKeywords: Honey bee, Parasitic Mite