Global collaboration and social practices to mitigate impacts of COVID-19 in the world: a lived experience of infecting

COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious threatening conditions and the complex situation in the recent century, which shook the world. This unprecedented crisis has caused many disruptions and distractions for humans in different local and global levels. This reflexive essay aims to review challenges and opportunities originated by the Corona-virus pandemic within social groups through a moral perspective. Focusing on both negative and positive aspects would help us find the required skills and strategies to adapt to the crises and mitigate the issues based on our capacities and resources

Correlation between Academic Achievement and Self–esteem in Rehabilitation Students in Tehran University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation

Introduction: Identifying factors which lead to academic achievement and impede academic failure, is of special importance. Some studies suggest that there is a direct relationship between self-esteem and educa-tional achievement however some experts doubt this direct relationship. This study was done to determine the correlation between academic achievement and self-esteem in rehabilitation students in Tehran Univer-sity of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation. Methods: This research was a correlational study in which all bachelor rehabilitation students studying in the fields of occupational therapy, physiotherapy, or speech therapy in Tehran University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation (n=88) were included. Students’ self-esteem was measured using Cooper Smith inventory containing 58 items and its relationship with students’ final scores was assessed. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant relationship between rehabilitation students’ self-esteem and their educational status (r= 0.36), but academic achievement had no relationship with the educational field, semester, gender, marital status, and living place. Conclusion: Students with higher self-esteem had a better educational status compared with those who had lower self-esteem. Thus, it may be possible to promote educational status by improving self-esteem through appropriate methods

Global collaboration and social practices to mitigate impacts of COVID-19 in the world: a lived experience of infecting

COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious threatening conditions and the complex situation in the recent century, which shook the world. This unprecedented crisis has caused many disruptions and distractions for humans in different local and global levels. This reflexive essay aims to review challenges and opportunities originated by the Corona-virus pandemic within social groups through a moral perspective. Focusing on both negative and positive aspects would help us find the required skills and strategies to adapt to the crises and mitigate the issues based on our capacities and resources. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; consequences; global collaboration; reflexive essay; social work and practice

A Cry for Help and Protest: Self-Immolation in Young Kurdish Iraqi Women -A Qualitative Study

Background: Suicide is a major psychiatric emergency that has always been a topic of great interest to researchers. Self-immolation is a heinous suicide method that is common in Eastern societies. The present study was conducted to explore probable issues which might lead to self-immolation in young Kurdish Iraqi women. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted in Soran, Erbil Governorate in Iraq, and the surrounding villages of Soran District (March 2015 to May 2016). Using purposive sampling, we conducted 24 in-depth interviews with women who had done self-immolation. The obtained data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: The analysis of the data obtained from the interviews led to the extraction of five categories which seems to be related to self-immolation attempts, including not having control over personal life, marital conflicts, seeking attention, instilling guilt in the family members, and resentment towards male dominant community. Conclusion: Self-immolation is a multidimensional phenomenon that has not come to exist overnight and is rooted in various factors that join to encourage self-immolation attempts by women in critical situations. Comprehensive preventive strategies, such as cultural changes, along with education are required to help lower the rate of self-immolation

Effect of Clustered Nursing Care on Sleep Behaviors of the Preterm Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: Premature neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) undergo sleep disorder due to various manipulations. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of clustered nursing care on sleep behaviors in premature neonates admitted to NICUs. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 60 neonates selected through convenience sampling method out of the infants admitted to the NICU. First, in the control group, a constant nurse took care of the neonates in a complete shift. The nurse observed the neonates sleep behaviors every two min for 45 min and recorded them in the questionnaire. The intervention group was investigated one week after the control group. The neonates ‘sleep behaviors were observed and recorded every two min by Prechtl instrument. All the data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS software version 16. Results: The mean sleep times in the control group were as follow: quiet sleep 5 min and 86 millisecond, active sleep 21 min and 50 milliseconds, quiet wake 4 min and 6 milliseconds,alertness9 min and 6 milliseconds, and cry1 min and 76 millisecond .On the other hand, in the neonates who received clustered care in the intervention group, the mean timings were as follow: quiet sleep time 19 min and 33 millisecond, active sleep 24 min and 66 millisecond, quiet wake 1 min and 76 millisecond,alertness2 min and 76 millisecond, and cry0.13 min. According to the mentioned times, it could be concluded that the neonates in the test group had a quiet and active sleep (P Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrate that cluster care can significantly increase the time of quiet and active sleep in the newborns. Based on the result, it is recommended that this kind of care be provided in the NICU program, as well as in the syllabus of students and nursing retraining

Experiences of the Iranian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses in Implementing Family-Centered Care: Walking on an Insecure Foundation

Background: Most of the nurses have accepted family-centered care (FCC) as a standard model of care; however, they meet difficulties using this model. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) nurses about the implementation of FCC.Methods: This qualitative study was carried out on 11 in-service NICU nurses with at least three years of work experience using an interpretative phenomenological approach. The study setting was three separate NICUs of three teaching hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews and field notes. The data were analyzed using the seven-stage Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner approach.Results: One of the important themes emerging in this study was “Walking on an insecure foundation” that included three subthemes of “Inappropriate base”, “A pathway with no lines” and “Unequal encounter”. The nurses described a lack of facilities, inadequate space, and staff’s specific instruction in encouraging parents’ engagement, as well as high work pressure due to short staffing as factors that affected their ability to provide an ideal FCC.Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the lack of essential substructures and absence of a systematic program to engage parents in the care process of their infants have resulted in different operations by the nurses and discontinuous FCC implementation in NICUs. Officials and policy-makers should consider basic requirements, adequate workforce, and explicit guidelines to contextualize and guarantee the continuity of FCC

Comparative Effectiveness of Simulation versus Serious Game for Training Nursing Students in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Randomized Control Trial

Background. The proper implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial in saving patients. Purpose. This study was aimed at evaluating the difference in educating nursing students on CPR when using the traditional simulation training with a mannequin versus a more novel serious game training on the smartphone platform. Methods. This randomized control trial was conducted in 2018-2019. Through purposive sampling, 56 nursing students were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: a simulation-based CPR training, CPR training using a serious game on the smartphone platform, and a control group that received no CPR training. Each student was evaluated pre- and posttraining on CPR knowledge and skill. Results. Both the simulation and serious game training groups increased CPR abilities two weeks after training. The control group did not show improvement in skill or knowledge of CPR. The simulation and serious game intervention groups demonstrated better scores on the knowledge questionnaire and on the CPR skill demonstration in comparison to the control group. However, the simulation group and the serious game group showed no significant difference in knowledge (9.55±2.81 vs. 7.77±2.46; p=0.065) or CPR skill demonstration (27.17±2.81 vs. 25.72±3.98; p=0.988). The overall scores for CPR knowledge did not meet minimum expectations (70% score) in either the simulation (47.75%) or serious game (38.85%) group. However, both groups demonstrated adequate CPR skill on demonstration (simulation 87.64% and serious game 83.06%). Conclusions. Both the simulation and serious game training groups were found to increase CPR skill. CPR training would likely benefit from a multimodal approach to education

Clinical Competence and Its Related Factors of Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Introduction: Clinical competence of nurses working in the neonatal intensive care units together with advancements in medical science and technology increased the survival rate of newborns that need specialized care. To ensure the quality of care and provide the safety of patients, evaluating the clinical competence of nurses seems necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical competence of nurses in the neonatal intensive care units. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 117 nurses working in the neonatal intensive care units of the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected by census method. The research tool was Development of Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses questionnaire which completed by self-assessment. The mean clinical competence scores of participants categorized into 3 levels: weak: 273. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 using the Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and Chi-square test. Results: The highest levels of competence were related to critical thinking and research attitude and interpersonal relationships, and the lowest level was related to training and mentoring. There was a direct statistically significant relationship between marital status, employment status, level of interest in working in the neonatal intensive-care units and the clinical competence of nurses. Conclusion: Since the clinical competence of nurses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units is vital, some variables such as interest in the nursing profession, employment status, the neonatal intensive theoretical and practical training courses and the amount of overtime working hours should be taken into consideration

Explaining the process of formation of ageism among the iranian older adults

Abstract Background Ageism is considered as one of the consequences of the industrialization of societies, which appears in various forms in different cultures. This study aimed to explain the process of formation of ageism among the older adults people. Methods The research was conducted using grounded theory method. Data were collected from 28 participants using in-depth semi-structured interviews and field notes. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. Results Fear of loneliness and rejection striving to tackle ageism “was identified as the core category of the study. Concepts such as “family context” and “cultural context” were relevant. After identifying the strategies used by the older adults in response to the context (“maintaining integrity”, “socio-cultural care” and “proper health care”, “striving to tackle ageism”) was the most important process in ageism by the Iranian older adults. Conclusion Findings of this study indicated that individual, family and social factors play an important role in the process of ageism among the older adults. These factors sometimes exacerbate or moderate the process of ageism. By recognizing these factors, various social institutions and organizations (including the health care system and the national media (radio and television)) can help the older adults achieve successful aging by emphasizing the issues related to the social aspect