Entire Peroxidation Reaction System of Myeloperoxidase Correlates with Progressive Low-Density Lipoprotein Modifications via Reactive Aldehydes in Atherosclerotic Patients with Hypertension

Background/Aims: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the dysfunction of serum lipoproteins, which triggers lipid metabolism abnormalities in the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is involved in ROS modifications, triggering lipid peroxidation and aldehyde formation. However, the relationship between the entirety of the MPO reaction system and oxidative modification of serum lipoproteins in atherosclerotic patients with hypertension remains unclear. Methods: We measured MPO activity (peroxidation and chlorination), 4-hydroxynonenal-modified low-density lipoprotein (HNE-LDL), malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), H2O2, reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) using a corresponding commercial kit in atherosclerotic patients with hypertension and healthy participants. We used Spearman’s correlation analysis to investigate the correlation between MPO activity and the levels of these oxidative and anti-oxidative stress-related indices and performed response surface regression to investigate the relationship between the MPO reaction system and the levels of HNE-LDL, MDA-LDL, and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Results: Our results showed no association between the levels of MPO peroxidation activity, MPO chlorination activity, H2O2, and Cl- and those of HNE-LDL, MDA-LDL, GSH, and GSSG, and the GSH/GSSG ratio in healthy participants. In addition, no effects of the peroxidation reaction system of MPO (PRSM) and the chlorination reaction system of MPO (CRSM) on GSH/GSSG were found in this investigation. However, we found that the PRSM rather than the CRSM correlated with progressive low-density lipoprotein (LDL) modifications by HNE-LDL and MDA-LDL in atherosclerotic patients with hypertension. Conclusion: The PRSM rather than the CRSM correlated with progressive LDL modifications via reactive aldehydes in atherosclerotic patients with hypertension. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate whether the PRSM may serve as a potential index for monitoring LDL function in atherosclerosis and hypertension

Effect of the Coil Excitation Method on the Performance of a Dual-Coil Inductive Displacement Transducer

A dual-coil inductive displacement transducer is a non-contact type measuring element for measuring displacement and is widely used in large power equipment systems such as construction machinery and agricultural equipment. However, the effect of the coil excitation method on the performance of dual-coil inductive displacement sensors has not been studied. This paper investigates the impact of different coil excitation methods on the operating performance of displacement transducers. The working principle, electromagnetic characteristics, and electrical characteristics were analyzed by building a mathematical model. A transducer measurement device was used to determine the relationship between core displacement and coil inductance. Three coil excitation methods were proposed, and the effects of the three coil excitation methods on the amplitude variation, phase shift, linearity, and sensitivity of the output signal were studied by simulation based on the AD630 chip as the core of the conditioning circuit. Finally, the study’s feasibility was demonstrated by comparing the experiment to the simulation. The results show that, under the uniform magnetic field strength distribution in the coil, the coil voltage variation is proportional to the inductive core displacement. The amplitude variation is the largest for the dual-coil series three-wire (DCSTW) and is the same for the dual-coil series four-wire (DCSFW) and dual-coil parallel differential (DCPD). DCSFW has an enormous phase shift. DCSTW has the best linearity. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for selecting a suitable coil excitation, which is conducive to further improving the operating performance of dual-coil inductive displacement transducers

Urban Land Development for Industrial and Commercial Use: A Case Study of Beijing

Since the 20th century, urbanization has been the main characteristic of global land development. If we can reveal and understand the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of urban development, we can then identify a sustainable development pattern for cities. In this paper, we primarily focus on the determinants of two main types of land use in urban development, industrial and commercial, in an empirical study of Beijing. We use a spatial data analysis method to seek and model major determinants of industrial and commercial land growth in the period of 2000–2010 in Beijing. A spatial logistic regression model is used to explore the impact of spatial independent variables on these two types of land use. The study shows that: (1) newly-added industrial land during 2000–2010 received significant contributions from the number of local enterprises engaged in services in 2010, the use of land for agriculture and construction in the neighborhood in 2000 and planning orders; (2) factors contributing to land transferred for commercial use included the number of enterprises, construction land in the neighborhood and accessibility improvement

Study on Poultry Pose Estimation Based on Multi-Parts Detection

Poultry pose estimation is a prerequisite for evaluating abnormal behavior and disease prediction in poultry. Accurate pose-estimation enables poultry producers to better manage their poultry. Because chickens are group-fed, how to achieve automatic poultry pose recognition has become a problematic point for accurate monitoring in large-scale farms. To this end, based on computer vision technology, this paper uses a deep neural network (DNN) technique to estimate the posture of a single broiler chicken. This method compared the pose detection results with the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) algorithm, You Only Look Once (YOLOV3) algorithm, RetinaNet algorithm, and Faster_R-CNN algorithm. Preliminary tests show that the method proposed in this paper achieves a 0.0128 standard deviation of precision and 0.9218 ± 0.0048 of confidence (95%) and a 0.0266 standard deviation of recall and 0.8996 ± 0.0099 of confidence (95%). By successfully estimating the pose of broiler chickens, it is possible to facilitate the detection of abnormal behavior of poultry. Furthermore, the method can be further improved to increase the overall success rate of verification

Effect of Excitation Signal on Double-Coil Inductive Displacement Transducer

A double-coil inductive displacement transducer is a non-contact element for measuring displacement and is widely used in large power equipment systems such as construction machinery and agricultural machinery equipment. The type of coil excitation signal has an impact on the performance of the transducer, but there is little research on this. Therefore, the influence of the coil excitation signal on transducer performance is investigated. The working principle and characteristics of the double-coil inductive displacement transducer are analyzed, and the circuit simulation model of the transducer is established. From the aspects of phase shift, linearity, and sensitivity, the effects of a sine signal, a triangle signal, and a pulse signal on the transducer are compared and analyzed. The results show that the average phase shift, linearity, and sensitivity of the sine signal were 11.53°, 1.61%, and 0.372 V/mm, respectively; the average phase shift, linearity and sensitivity of the triangular signal were 1.38°, 1.56%, and 0.300 V/mm, respectively; and the average phase shift, linearity, and sensitivity of the pulse signal were 0.73°, 1.95%, and 0.621 V/mm, respectively. It can be seen that the phase shift of a triangle signal and a pulse signal is smaller than that of a sine signal, which can result in better signal phase-locked processing. The linearity of the triangle signal is better than the sine signal, and the sensitivity of the pulse signal is better than that of the sine signal

Review of Recent Advances in the Drive Method of Hydraulic Control Valve

Hydraulic control valves are widely used in industrial production, agricultural equipment, construction machinery, and other large power equipment for controlling the pressure and flow of fluids in hydraulic systems. The driving method has a significant impact on the response and control accuracy of hydraulic valves. This paper reviews the driving methods of spools from five aspects: solenoid drive, material expansion drive, motor drive, hydraulic valve drive, and another drive. It summarizes the various schemes currently available for spool drive and analyzes each of them. After optimizing the driving method of the valve core, the control accuracy can reach 3%, and the minimum response time is 7 ms. According to the characteristics of the different drive methods, the differences between them are compared, the advantages and disadvantages of each drive method are analyzed, and the application scenarios for each drive method are identified. Solutions to the drawbacks of the existing drive methods are proposed, which provide directions for further optimization. We have found that solenoid drives are simple to control, low cost, and the most widely used. Material telescopic drives, motor drives, hydraulic valve drives, and other drives are costly, complex to control, and optional for use in special requirement situations. Based on the existing spool drive methods, an outlook on future drive methods is presented. This review facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the drive methods of hydraulic valve spools, points out the shortcomings of the existing drive methods, and is of great significance in improving the existing drive methods and proposing new drive methods. This paper has a positive effect on improving the control accuracy and responsiveness of hydraulic valves

Study on Control Strategy of Electric Power Steering for Commercial Vehicle Based on Multi-Map

In order to solve the problem where the traditional electric power steering system (EPS) provides too much assist torque under low load and low adhesion coefficient, which damages the driver’s road feeling and affects driving safety, this paper designs a multi-map EPS control strategy. First, based on the change of steering resistance torque under different front axle loads and adhesion coefficients, EPS power characteristics considering the front axle load and adhesion coefficient were designed. In addition, the BP (Back Propagation, BP) neural network is used to determine steering resistance torque under different front axle loads and adhesion coefficients. Furthermore, the EPS control strategy based on multi-map is proposed. The proposed control strategy is evaluated through the co-simulation of Trucksim and Simulink. Simulation results show that the proposed EPS control strategy gives the vehicle good steering portability, with the handling torque meeting the ideal handling torque for a commercial vehicle. Under light load and low adhesion coefficient conditions, the lateral acceleration and yaw rate with traditional EPS are 0.1674 g and 5.641 deg/s, and with multi-map EPS are 0.1399 g and 4.715 deg/s. Therefore, the vehicle’s handliitung stability is improved. The steering wheel torque gradient is also increased, and the driver’s road feeling is improved

Study on Control Strategy of Electric Power Steering for Commercial Vehicle Based on Multi-Map

In order to solve the problem where the traditional electric power steering system (EPS) provides too much assist torque under low load and low adhesion coefficient, which damages the driver’s road feeling and affects driving safety, this paper designs a multi-map EPS control strategy. First, based on the change of steering resistance torque under different front axle loads and adhesion coefficients, EPS power characteristics considering the front axle load and adhesion coefficient were designed. In addition, the BP (Back Propagation, BP) neural network is used to determine steering resistance torque under different front axle loads and adhesion coefficients. Furthermore, the EPS control strategy based on multi-map is proposed. The proposed control strategy is evaluated through the co-simulation of Trucksim and Simulink. Simulation results show that the proposed EPS control strategy gives the vehicle good steering portability, with the handling torque meeting the ideal handling torque for a commercial vehicle. Under light load and low adhesion coefficient conditions, the lateral acceleration and yaw rate with traditional EPS are 0.1674 g and 5.641 deg/s, and with multi-map EPS are 0.1399 g and 4.715 deg/s. Therefore, the vehicle’s handliitung stability is improved. The steering wheel torque gradient is also increased, and the driver’s road feeling is improved

Identifying the Metallic State of Rh Catalyst on Boron Nitride during Partial Oxidation of Methane by Using the Product Molecule as the Infrared Probe

The partial oxidation of methane (POM) is a promising method for converting methane to syngas. The transition metal supported on boron nitride (BN) has recently been studied as part of a catalog of emerging catalysts. However, the chemical state of the metal supported on BN during methane reforming is still in debate. In this work, we report a rhodium catalyst on boron nitride (Rh/BN) for the POM, with exceptional activity and long-term stability at 600 °C for 230 h. The Rh/BN catalyst was investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformed spectroscopy (DRIFTS). As revealed by in situ DRIFTS, the infrared band (2020 cm−1) of the product molecule, CO, adsorbed on the Rh, as the probe confirms the metallic state of Rh during the POM reaction. In addition, the results of in situ DRIFTS indicate that the reactive gaseous environment would react with the catalyst to form B-OH and B-H, which synergistically boost the POM activity

The influence of different ultrasonic impact treatment modes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 18Ni-300 steel fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

This study investigates the introduction of ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) during the wire arc additive manufacturing process to refine the microstructure and enhance the properties of 18Ni-300 maraging steel components. It was found that interlayer ultrasonic impact treatment (I-UIT) and synchronous ultrasonic impact treatment (S-UIT) applied to the deposited metal can refine the grains, alter grain growth orientation, and reduce anisotropy. At the top of the formed component, compared to directly deposited specimens, significant grain refinement and the appearance of a 20μm nanocrystalline zone were observed in I-UIT-WAAM samples, while S-UIT-WAAM samples similarly exhibited the effects of ultrasonic impact, with a deeper nanocrystalline zone of 230μm. In the middle of the formed component, due to subsequent remelting and heating effects, the ultrasonic effect was weakened, resulting in the disappearance of the nanocrystalline zone. Compared to I-UIT-WAAM S-UIT-WAAM samples samples, S-UIT-WAAM samples showed better ultrasonic assistance effects due to the ultrasonic impact on the molten pool, with significantly reduced austenite content, average grain size, and texture density. In terms of mechanical properties, for S-UIT-WAAM samples, the horizontal tensile strength was 1401.3 ± 57.6 MPa, and the vertical tensile strength was 1327 ± 9.5 MPa. Compared to directly deposited specimens, the horizontal and vertical tensile strengths of I-UIT-WAAM samples increased by 14.6% and 11.3%, respectively