OBJECTIFICATION OF WOMEN IN MANDAR FOLKLORE: I PURA PARA'BUE, SAMBA' PARIA, MARA'DIA JAVA AND TO MINJARI DUYUNG

Folktale is part of classic literature that becomes the product of culture and disseminated as a reflection of a culture where the origin comes from. However, folktale characterization primarily for females character that is often described in powerless position because of poverty (weak economy), and careless until they take the wrong decision, thus they become the target of objectification. The researcher takes Mandarnese folktale as the object of this research to study the form of objectification that occurs to females character. This research is qualitative and descriptive. The researcher chose four folktales as the object of this research that was taken from the folktale book arranged by Bustan Basir Maras and colleagues entitled The Story of the Mandar People (Cari-Caritana To Mandar), The Stories of Mandarnese. The result of this research describes clearly the form of Nussbaum objectification version that found women as an object, objects of violation, women can be owned/bought/sold, and denial of subjectivity. In this research was also found that when women have power or supernatural ability they are often shown as sinister, and scary and need to be avoided because that is not a common phenomenon. But if it happened to men, they are often shown as powerful, dominant and strong

UPAYA PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA KONE KONE’E (DIALEK TALLUMPANUAE) DI DESA BONDE, CAMPALAGIAN, POLEWALI MANDAR

In this research is discussed about a local language that its existence is not well known, it is Kone’ Kone’e language in Bonde village, Campalagian district, Polewali Mandar region of West Sulawesi. People used to get this language wrong to be known as one of Mandarnese language, whereas this language is part of ancient Buginese language, the seventh dialect. Its existence among the majority language still survive eventhough its speaker is the minority. In this research the aim of the author is toreveal what factors behind the existence of this language to still survive, in this case the author has limited this study in the field of family, neighbourhood, and religion. The method that is used in this research is descriptive qualitative method where gathered all opinion, response, information in the form of description to reveal the problem. In defensing the existence of this language there are some factors such as lexical, demography, language usage pattern, and language attitude in the field of family, neighbourhood ad religion. Whole four factors have been done by the villagers in Bonde, that is why until today this language still survive in the middle of majority language

Effect of taking some of dietary supplements according to special forces exercises to develop some physical abilities, speed and accuracy smash shot for badminton young players

Set dietary program for some of dietary supplements and training for badminton young players, and identifying effect of taking some of the dietary supplementary for badminton young players. The research population :( badminton young players group (Arminian club). For age group (16-18) years the sample is divided in to two experimental groups within each group (6) players, and two for the exploratory experiment which was within the research sample, they were divided in to two groups, the first group take some of the dietary supplements (multivitamin creating) .the set exercises by the researchers in the main part of the training unit and the second group (amino acids, vitamins) and the set exercises by the researcher. The scientific approach :( the experimental approach to design the two groups of the pre and posttests). The measurement instruments: physical tests for the explosive power and the power characteristic by speed for the two arms and the legs, besides, the smash shot), after applying the pre-tests, and applying the muscular ability, then applying the exercises for two months set by the researcher. The statistical processing :( the mean was used and the standard deviation and torsion for the one sample, and (t ) test for two independent samples).The research results: ( using the exercises and some of the dietary supplements have positive effect on improving some of the physical abilities, speed and accuracy of smash shot skill for badminton young players).The researcher recommends: (depending exercises accompanying with the dietary supplements for badminton young players of age group(16-18) years by the trainers and using dietary supplements with training and contests to retain the player's energy

Support for UNRWA's survival

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) provides life-saving humanitarian aid for 5·4 million Palestine refugees now entering their eighth decade of statelessness and conflict. About a third of Palestine refugees still live in 58 recognised camps. UNRWA operates 702 schools and 144 health centres, some of which are affected by the ongoing humanitarian disasters in Syria and the Gaza Strip. It has dramatically reduced the prevalence of infectious diseases, mortality, and illiteracy. Its social services include rebuilding infrastructure and homes that have been destroyed by conflict and providing cash assistance and micro-finance loans for Palestinians whose rights are curtailed and who are denied the right of return to their homeland

Impact of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations on sustained virologic response in HCV-infected patients: Results from the GUARD-C Cohort

BACKGROUND: Despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, peginterferon alfa/ribavirin remains relevant in many resource-constrained settings. The non-randomized GUARD-C cohort investigated baseline predictors of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations (sr-RD) and their impact on sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients receiving peginterferon alfa/ribavirin in routine practice. METHODS: A total of 3181 HCV-mono-infected treatment-naive patients were assigned to 24 or 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa/ribavirin by their physician. Patients were categorized by time-to-first sr-RD (Week 4/12). Detailed analyses of the impact of sr-RD on SVR24 (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL) were conducted in 951 Caucasian, noncirrhotic genotype (G)1 patients assigned to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. The probability of SVR24 was identified by a baseline scoring system (range: 0-9 points) on which scores of 5 to 9 and <5 represent high and low probability of SVR24, respectively. RESULTS: SVR24 rates were 46.1% (754/1634), 77.1% (279/362), 68.0% (514/756), and 51.3% (203/396), respectively, in G1, 2, 3, and 4 patients. Overall, 16.9% and 21.8% patients experienced 651 sr-RD for peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, respectively. Among Caucasian noncirrhotic G1 patients: female sex, lower body mass index, pre-existing cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, and low hematological indices were prognostic factors of sr-RD; SVR24 was lower in patients with 651 vs. no sr-RD by Week 4 (37.9% vs. 54.4%; P = 0.0046) and Week 12 (41.7% vs. 55.3%; P = 0.0016); sr-RD by Week 4/12 significantly reduced SVR24 in patients with scores <5 but not 655. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, sr-RD to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin significantly impacts on SVR24 rates in treatment-naive G1 noncirrhotic Caucasian patients. Baseline characteristics can help select patients with a high probability of SVR24 and a low probability of sr-RD with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions

تأثير التدريب المقنن في كفاءة الأداء وبعض المؤشرات الفسيولوجية للاعبي الإسكواش

اشتملت مقدمة البحث وأهميته , على أهمية علم التدريب ورياضة الاسكواش , كما يجب إن لا يهمل مدربي المنتخبات الفحوصات الفسيولوجية باعتبارها مؤشر دقيق لتأثير حمل التدريب إضافة إلى تشخيص الحالة الصحية والفسلجية للرياضيين وتعديل وتبديل وتصحيح ما مطلوب من المدرب والمنهج التدريبي واللاعب... أما مشكلة البحث فتكمن في عدم الدراسة للمؤشرات الفسيولوجية للاعب الاسكواش وكذلك عدم استخدام الوحدات التدريبية المقننة التي تعمل على تطوير كفاءة بعض المؤشرات الفسيولوجية مثل عدد ضربات القلب اثناء الراحة (H.R-r.) وحجم الضربة القلبية (S.V-r ) والنتاج القلبي (C.O.P-r.) والضغط الدموي العالي والواطئ ومؤشر السعة الحيوية (V.C.) للاعبي الاسكواش.ويهدف البحث الى:1.دراسة تأثير التدريب المقنن في بعض المؤشرات الفسيولوجية للاعبي الإسكواش.2.دراسة تاثير التدريب المقنن في كفاءة الاداء للاعبي الإسكواش.تم تطبيق المنهج التجريبي لملائمته لحل مشكلة البحث ، وقد بلغت عينة البحث (11) لاعب سكواش من الشباب وبأعمار(17-19) سنة، وقد استعان الباحثون بما يأتي: الأدوات ، تحليل محتوى المصادر العلمية، تحديد الاختبارات للمهارات الأساسية، التجارب الاستطلاعية، مواصفات الاختبارات، أدوات البحث، مدة تطبيق مفردات المنهج التدريبي المقترح، الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية، المنهج التدريبي المقترح، الطرائق الاحصائية المستخدمة في البحث.ورد في الاستنتاجات التي توصل إليها الباحثون تطور واضح لكفاءة القلب الانتاجية والاقتصادية خلال الراحة من خلال انخفاض عدد مرات ضربات القلب H.R-rوارتفاع حجم الدم المدفوع S.V-r في كل ضربة وهذا ادى الى تكيف النتاج القلبيC.O.P-r كما حدث تطور لدقة ومطاولة السرعة للمهارات التاكتيكية للاعبي الاسكواش كالضربة الامامية والضربة الخلفية ، حيث تؤكد هذه التوصيات إلى اهمية تطبيق مفردات المنهج التدريبي المقنن على لاعبي الاسكواش من الشباب بعد إن تأكد إن النتائج كانت ايجابية فسلجياً وبدنياً ومهارياً وتكتيكياَ وكذلك التأكيد على إجراء الفحوصات الصحية العامة والقياسات الفسيولوجية لكل لاعب إسكواش قبل المشاركة في تمثيل المنتخبات الوطنية العراقية ولكل الفئات العمرية

Application of special exercises to develop the fixation time and the skills of forehand and backhand groundstrokes in tennis players

The present study was conducted on the Misan tennis clubs advanced players, in the premises of the tennis court of the Technical Institute in Misan. The study was conducted within the timeframe of August 2020 to December 2020. In the current study, the research community was represented by the players of the Misan Governorate team. A total of 8 players were selected as the participants for the study. All the participants were randomly allocated into two groups with n=4 in each group. The researcher formulated a set of exercises. These exercises were performed by the participants of the experimental group during their preparation phase and in the main training phase. The control group participants received training by exercises developed by the training coaches. The total number of training exercises was 8. In each training dose 4 exercises were included. In the present study the researchers concluded that there was a positive effect of the special exercises in developing the fixation time during the performance of the forehand and backhand groundstrokes

Numerically analysis of Marangoni convective flow of hybrid nanofluid over an infinite disk with thermophoresis particle deposition

Abstract This study discusses the flow of hybrid nanofluid over an infinite disk in a Darcy–Forchheimer permeable medium with variable thermal conductivity and viscosity. The objective of the current theoretical investigation is to identify the thermal energy characteristics of the nanomaterial flow resulting from thermo-solutal Marangoni convection on a disc surface. By including the impacts of activation energy, heat source, thermophoretic particle deposition and microorganisms the proposed mathematical model becomes more novel. The Cattaneo-Christov mass and heat flux law is taken into account when examining the features of mass and heat transmission rather than the traditional Fourier and Fick heat and mass flux law. MoS2 and Ag nanoparticles are dispersed in the base fluid water to synthesize the hybrid nanofluid. PDEs are transformed to ODEs by using similarity transformations. The RKF-45th order shooting method is used to solve the equations. With the use of appropriate graphs, the effects of a number of non-dimensional parameters on velocity, concentration, microorganism, and temperature fields are addressed. The local Nusselt number, density of motile microorganisms and Sherwood number are calculated numerically and graphically to derive correlations in terms of the relevant key parameters. The findings show that as we increase the Marangoni convection parameter, skin friction, local density of motile microorganisms, Sherwood number, velocity, temperature and microorganisms profiles increase, whereas Nusselt number and concentration profile exhibit an opposite behavior. The fluid velocity is reduced as a result of enhancing the Forchheimer parameter and Darcy parameter