A novel two-party semiquantum key distribution protocol based on GHZ-like states

In this paper, we propose a novel two-party semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol by only employing one kind of GHZ-like state. The proposed SQKD protocol can create a private key shared between one quantum party with unlimited quantum abilities and one classical party with limited quantum abilities without the existence of a third party. The proposed SQKD protocol doesn't need the Hadamard gate or quantum entanglement swapping. Detailed security analysis turns out that the proposed SQKD protocol can resist various famous attacks from an outside eavesdropper, such as the Trojan horse attacks, the entangle-measure attack, the double CNOT attacks, the measure-resend attack and the intercept-resend attack.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl

Analysis of Micro-scale Flame Structure of AP/HTPB Base Bleed Propellant Combustion

AbstractA complex multiple flame structure is formed during the combustion of AP/HTPB base bleed propellant. The AP monopropellant flame is concentrated in a thin zone above the burning surface of AP crystal to maintain self-sustained decomposition. Due to the low temperature near the burning surface, the diffusion between the decomposition products of AP and the pyrolysis products of HTPB occurs, and a partly pre-mixed diffusion flame structure-leading edge flame (LEF) is formed. The effects of pressure, chemical reaction rate and AP particle size on diffusion flame structure in the range from 20 atm to 100 atm are discussed. The Peclet number increases from 6.64 at 20 atm to 21.91 at 100 atm when AP particle size is 140 μm. The high temperature zone is blown away from the burning surface because the convective transport rate increases with the increase in Peclet number. The chemical reaction rate is enhanced and the diffusion mixing is inhibited as Damkohler number increases. The chemical heat release is more concentrated and the chemical reaction zone becomes narrow when Damkohler number changes from 330 at 20 atm to 4700 at 100 atm. When AP particle diameter is decreased to 60 μm, the diffusion time scale is reduced due to the reduced diffusion length scale. So the diffusion mixing is enhanced and a more pre-mixed flame is formed. The burning rate increases because the more pre-mixed heat release increases the heat feedback to the HTPB binder

The Extended Bose Hubbard Model on the Two Dimensional Honeycomb Lattice

We study the extended Bose-Hubbard model on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice by using large scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We present the ground state phase diagrams for both the hard-core case and the soft-core case. For the hard-core case, the transition between $\rho=1/2$ solid and the superfluid is first order and the supersolid state is unstable towards phase separation. For the soft-core case, due to the presence of the multiple occupation, a stable particle induced supersolid (SS-p) phase emerges when $1/2<\rho<1$. The transition from the solid at $\rho=1/2$ to the SS-p is second order with the superfluid density scaling as $\rho_{s} \sim \rho-1/2$. The SS-p has the same diagonal order as the solid at $\rho=1/2$. As the chemical potential increasing further, the SS-p will turn into a solid where two bosons occupying each site of a sublattice through a first order transition. We also calculate the critical exponents of the transition between $\rho=1/2$ solid and superfluid at the Heisenberg point for the hard core case. We find the dynamical critical exponent $z=0.15$, which is smaller than results obtained on smaller lattices. This indicates that $z$ approaches zero in the thermodynamic limit, so the transition is also first order even at the Heisenberg point.Comment: 6pages, 6figure

A Residual Fully Convolutional Network (Res-FCN) for Electromagnetic Inversion of High Contrast Scatterers at an Arbitrary Frequency Within a Wide Frequency Band

Many successful machine learning methods have been developed for electromagnetic inverse scattering problems. However, so far, their inversion has been performed only at the specifically trained frequencies. To make the machine-learning-based inversion method more generalizable for realistic engineering applications, this work proposes a residual fully convolutional network (Res-FCN) to perform EM inversion of high contrast scatterers at an arbitrary frequency within a wide frequency band. The proposed Res-FCN combines the advantages of the Res-Net and the fully convolutional network (FCN). Res-FCN consists of an encoder and a decoder: the encoder is employed to extract high-dimensional features from the measured scattered field through the residual frameworks, while the decoder is employed to map from the high-dimensional features extracted by the encoder to the electrical parameter distribution in the inversion region by the up-sample layer and the residual frameworks. Four numerical examples verify that the proposed Res-FCN can achieve good performance in the 2-D EM inversion problem for high contrast scatterers with anti-noise ability at an arbitrary frequency point within a wide frequency band

Lensing reconstruction from the cosmic microwave background polarization with machine learning

The lensing effect of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a powerful tool for our study of the distribution of matter in the universe. Currently, the quadratic estimator (EQ) method, which is widely used to reconstruct lensing potential, has been known to be sub-optimal for the low-noise levels polarization data from next-generation CMB experiments. To improve the performance of the reconstruction, other methods, such as the maximum likelihood estimator and machine learning algorithms are developed. In this work, we present a deep convolutional neural network model named the Residual Dense Local Feature U-net (RDLFUnet) for reconstructing the CMB lensing convergence field. By simulating lensed CMB data with different noise levels to train and test network models, we find that for noise levels less than $5\mu$K-arcmin, RDLFUnet can recover the input gravitational potential with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the previous deep learning and the traditional QE methods at almost the entire observation scales.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted by Ap

Study on Ablation Products of Zinc by Intense Pulsed Ion Beam Irradiation

As a kind of flash heat source, intense pulse ion beam can be used for material surface modification. The ablation effect has important influence on interaction between IPIB and material. Therefore, the understanding of ablation mechanism is of great significance to IPIB application..