Labour Conflicts in the Nigerian Public Sector: Causes and Resolutions Strategies

The :(J.im of this paper is to highlight the nature, causes and resolution strategies I mechanisms for labour conflicts in the Nigeria-public sector. It observed that when an organization has a dysfu,Y,lctionally high level of conflict, managers are likely to dissipat¢· valuable resources and time in order to achieve harmon:i~us work relations and that conflict can also be functioflt;il when it acts as catalyst for the use of initiative and creativity which can facilitate qualitative change in the Public Sector. The paper comprises of abstract; conceptual discourse; causes a/labour conflicts; the meaning and strategies of conflict resolution; conflict resolution in the Nigeria public sector; conclusiOIJJ and recommendations. Among the recommendations canvasser;/. are: the dismantling of obstacles to the use of · "mediation" as the first statutory method of resolving conflicts; further strengthening of the institutions responsible for conflict resolution; a call on government to imbibe the virtue of honouring valid agreements reached through consensual process of collective bargaining and to respect I uphold its own laws. Key Words: Labour conflict, Conflict resolution, Conflict Management, Public Sector

THEORIES OF PERSONNEL MOTIVATION IN ORGANISATIONS

The focus and thrust of this paper is to arouse the interest and minds of Managers on effective use of Motivation based on available theories and their application in organisations. It is also instructive to note that discerning Managers know the limits or bounds imposed by over dependence on theories, and when peculiar circumstances require prudent use of initiative. This is the hallmark of managerial savvy which is indispensable in organizational effectiveness. This paper is segmented as follows: Meaning of Motivation; Theories of Motivation (Maslow, Herzberg, Mcgregor, Vroom and Alderfer); A sequence of critique relevance and application to organizations which also contain recommendations, and conclusion. It concluded by linking Motivation theory to management practice and recommended that managers must be sensitive to employees’ needs in order to direct employees energies/creativity towards the attainment of organizational goals and objectives

Partisan Conflicts Over Presidential Authority

A prevailing view in the legal and political science literature assumes that power holders seek to expand or contract their constitutional authority based on incentives that are intrinsic to the logic of the institutional offices they occupy. For instance, it is generally assumed that Presidents are empire builders who will almost always prefer maximum flexibility in shaping their policy objectives, whereas members of Congress may sometimes shirk their institutional prerogatives because of electoral incentives or collective action problems. A similar institutional logic underpins the view that federal courts will often seek to expand their interpretive authority in constitutional controversies at the expense of the political branches. In this Essay, I sketch out the possibility that power holders may often seek to expand or contract the scope of presidential authority based on whether it advances partisan rather than institutional objectives. More specifically, when the constitutional allocation of presidential authority is unbundled along discrete issue dimensions, partisan power holders may have an incentive to stake out a vision of presidential authority that increases the chance of carrying out their favored issues and that makes it more difficult to carry out issues that favor the political opposition. And as the parties\u27 electoral bases and elites become more polarized in terms of ideology and presidential*390 voting patterns, such partisan divisions regarding the allocation of presidential authority are likely to become more pronounced. This Essay illustrates this dynamic by examining the conflicting positions on presidential power adopted by the administrations of President Barack Obama and his predecessors on issues like human rights, war powers, and executive branch oversight of the administrative state

CONCEPTUAL ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

The paper is a synthesis of some concepts and issues in Development Administration. It approached the discourse in a concise and lucid manner which was anchored essentially on secondary data and analytical framework. This paper interrogated some of the constraints to Nigeria’s drive towards development, located within the environment in which public administration operates and highlighted the administrative, political, economic and socio-political imperatives of developmen

The Effect of Income, Ethnicity/Race and Institutional Factors on Mortgage Borrower Behavior

Studies examining mortgage choice behavior generally assume a frictionless mortgage market in which borrower decisions are influenced only by economic variables. This study explores the interface between demographic and institutional factors inherent in mortgage market logistics and the information flow that affects borrower behavior. The efficiency of these processes is particularly important when studying inner city real estate markets, since these markets are disproportionately represented by low income and minority households. The effect of institutional factors was examined by conducting a survey of borrower behavior in metropolitan Washington, DC. The secondary data findings indicate that ethnicity /race and income are jointly sensitive to borrower decision, confirming the clientele effect. The primary data findings also indicate that institutional factors influence mortgage choice. Similarly, borrowers are influenced by the channel chosen to evaluate market information. However, income was not found to be a significant determinant of borrower behavior.

THE GAP BETWEEN GLOBALISATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA

One of the cardinal aims of this paper is to highlight that contemporary reference to globalisation tend to be more of paradigm shift and value change from the old paradigms of imperialism, colonialism, modernization, dependency and the adjoining concepts which derived from Western liberalism. The paper also drew attention to the fact that economic indices for measuring the wealth or otherwise of the developing economies of Africa ignores the activities of the informal sector and that the prescription (deregulation and devaluation) of the Bretton Woods offer no complete remedy to the perceived ailment, hence their recommendation of the third “D” which is democracy. The paper comprises of: Abstract; Introduction; Conceptual Issues in Globalisation; Critical Analysis on Globalisation and Socio-Economic Development in Africa; Globalisation and Dependency Theory; Conclusion and Recommendation. The paper concluded that the relationship between Africa and the Western countries is still largely principal-client based on the “Centre-periphery model”. The paper recommended strong leadership and institutions of governance capable of initiating and implementing appropriate economic programmes through qualitative human capacit

The Legal Framework of Collective bargaining in The Nigerian Public Sector - A Process Approach

This paper is directed at exploring the legal framework of collective bargaining in the Nigerian public sector using a process approach. The objective of the paper is to highlight the weaknesses of the legal framework within which collective bargaining operates in Nigeria. In other words, there are legal provisions regulating collective bargaining and industrial relations generally, but these laws are not completely capable of stopping conflicts in the workplace. This gap .. highlights the issue of implementation of laws in achieving smooth industrial relations process/system and ultimatel)i guaranteeing industrial peace through harmonious work relations. The data utilised in this paper were collected mainly from secondary, sources and the analytical method is central to the facts and opinions obtained from these sources. The paper concluded that the effective practice of collective bargaining and sanctity of its provisions and processes could offer a durable approach to achieving harmonious work relations in the public sector. It recommended among others that government should learn to honour valid agreements reached with unions and to respect and uphold its own law