Hotspots, trends, and advice: a 10-year visualization-based analysis of painting therapy from a scientometric perspective

PurposeResearch on painting therapy is available worldwide and painting therapy is widely applied as a psychological therapy in different fields with diverse clients. As an evidence-based psychotherapy, previous studies have revealed that painting therapy has favorable therapeutic effects. However, limited studies on painting therapy used universal data to assemble in-depth evidence to propose a better recommendation on it for the future use. Large-scale retrospective studies that used bibliometric methodology are lacking. Therefore, this study presented a broad view of painting therapy and provided an intensively analytical insight into the structure of knowledge regarding painting therapy employing bibliometric analysis of articles. CiteSpace software was used to evaluate scientific research on painting therapy globally published from January 2011 to July 2022.MethodsPublications related to painting therapy from 2011 to 2022 were searched using the Web of Science database. This study employed bibliometric techniques to perform co-citation analysis of authors, visualize collaborations between countries/regions as network maps, and analyze keywords and subjects relevant to painting therapy by using CiteSpace software.ResultsIn total, 871 articles met the inclusion criteria. We found that the number of painting therapy publications generally trended incrementally. The United States and United Kingdom made the most contributions to painting therapy research and had the greatest impact on the practical application in other countries. Arts in Psychotherapy and Frontiers in Psychology occupied key publishing positions in this research field. The application groups were mainly children, adolescents, and females, and Western countries paid high attention to painting therapy. The main areas of application of painting therapy were Alzheimer’s disease and other psychosomatic disease fields. Identified research priorities for painting therapy were emotion regulation and mood disorder treatment, personality disorder treatment, personal self-esteem enhancement, and medical humanistic care. Three keywords, “depression,” “women,” and “recovery,” had the strongest citation bursts, which emphasized the research trends.ConclusionThe general trend for painting therapy research is positive. Our findings provide useful information for researchers on painting therapy to determine new directions in relate to popular issues, collaborators, and research frontiers. Painting therapy holds a promising future, and further studies could explore the clinical implications of this therapy in terms of mechanisms and criteria for assessing efficacy

Neural Network Based Central Heating System Load Prediction and Constrained Control

A neural network (NN) based heating system load prediction and control scheme are proposed. Different from traditional physical principle based load calculation method, a multilayer NN is incorporated with selected input features and trained to predict the heating load as well as the desired supply water temperature in heating supply loop. In this manner, a complicated load calculation model can be replaced by simple but efficient data-driven scheme and the response time to outdoor temperature variation can be enhanced. Moreover, in order to handle the input and output constraints in valve opening degree control task to achieve desired supply water temperature, Barrier Lyapunov candidate function and axillary system technique are involved. An additional NN is employed to approximate the system transfer function with reliable accuracy. The stability of the system is guaranteed through rigorous mathematical analysis. The excellent performance of the novelly proposed control over traditional PID is demonstrated via extensive simulation study. A quantitative case study is also conducted to verify the flexibility and validity of proposed load prediction strategy

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

The green productivity of broiler production in China: Considering the resource utilization of manure

Resource constraints and environmental challenges have emerged as serious impediments to the sustainable development of China's broiler industry, with potentially adverse consequences. The pursuit of sustainable development in China's broiler industry is predicated on significant reductions in manure and pollutant emissions from broiler farming. This study utilizes the slacks-based model and the global Malmquist-Luenberger index to calculate the green total factor productivity of broiler breeding across various provinces and scales from 2005 to 2020 within a joint production framework of considering undesirable outputs and desirable outputs. Fluctuations in economic distribution of broiler breeding are characterized using the kernel density estimation, and a convergence analysis is performed via absolute and conditional β convergence methods. The results revealed an overall upward trend in China's broiler farming green total factor productivity from 2005 to 2020, corresponding to green total factor productivity in small-, medium-, and large-scale broiler breeding were 1.015, 1.017, and 1.009, respectively. The kernel density curve implies a narrowing trend in the discrepancy of green total factor productivity levels among provinces in broiler breeding of varying scales. For all scales, broiler breeding's green total factor productivity demonstrates considerable conditional and absolute β convergence. Therefore, improving the efficiency of broiler breeding while addressing externalities requires the cultivation of broilers at different scales across diverse regions, coupled with an increased focus on improving the utility efficiency of broiler waste fertilization

Effects of Thermal Exposure on Structures of DD6 Single Crystal Superalloy with Thermal Barrier Coatings

In order to investigate the effect of water grit-blasting and high temperature thermal exposure on the microstructures of DD6 alloy with TBCs, DD6 single crystal superalloy specimens were water grit-blasted with 0.3 MPa pressure, then the specimens were coated with thermal barrier coatings by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Specimens with TBCs were exposed at 1100℃ for 50 and 100 hours in the air respectively, and then these specimens were subjected to stress-rupture tests under the condition of 1100℃/130 MPa. The results show that grit-blasting doesn't lead into the recrystallization, thermal exposure can induce element interdiffusion between the bond coat and alloy substrate, the residual stress and element diffusion lead into the changes of γ' phase coarsing direction. After stress rupture tests, the secondary reaction zone emerges into a local area

Measuring the Green Total Factor Productivity in Chinese Aquaculture: A Zofio Index Decomposition

Aquatic products are important sources of protein and food consumption, which are pivotal to solving the problem of food shortage. As the world’s largest producer of aquatic products, China’s aquaculture has developed rapidly. However, a large quantity of pollutants has also been generated in the fish farming process, which is detrimental to the sustainable development of China’s aquaculture. Therefore, under double constraints with regard to resources and the environment, fishery development must achieve cleaner production. Measuring green total factor productivity in aquaculture is fundamental to improving aquaculture production efficiency and reducing pollution emissions. This paper investigated the green total factor productivity in China using the SBM-ML method and analyzed the dynamic evolution of fish farming, measuring its change characteristics with regard to time and spatial differences. The results indicated that the total factor productivity indexes of mariculture and freshwater aquaculture in China are 1.050 and 1.060, respectively. Regionally, mariculture in the East China Sea region has the highest green total factor productivity of 1.072, followed by the South China Sea region with 1.056, and the green total factor productivity in the Yellow Sea region is the lowest—only 1.030. The results of the freshwater aquaculture calculations showed the opposite geographical distribution characteristics in China, with the highest in the western region (1.098), followed by the central region (1.046), with the lowest being in the eastern region (1.038). Evidently, both mariculture and freshwater aquaculture have noticeable spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Relevant policy recommendations are provided to improve the green production efficiency of fishery

Seed Vigour and Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim: In Different Stages of Seed Development

Epimedium brevicornu Maxim is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with important value for curing several diseases, including liver cancer. Seed germination, field seedling emergence, and morphological and physiological traits were measured in developing seeds of E. brevicornu, which were collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after flowering. The results showed that with the fruit pericarp changing from lime green to dark red, the seed volume increased. Furthermore, the dry mass of seeds gradually increased from 0.011 g at 7 d to 0.275 g at 35 d, which was a significantly positive correlation with seed vigour (r = 0.980). The soluble protein content initially increased and then decreased to 11.09 mg/g and presented a maximum at 28 d; however, the soluble sugar content gradually declined to a minimum of 30.45 mg/g at 35 d, which was also significantly negatively correlated with seed vigour (r = −0.915). Furthermore, the unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and linoleic acid) increase with seed development. Abscisic acid (ABA) reached a maximum value of 18.45 ng/g at 28 d, and gibberellin (GA3), 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and zeatin-riboside (ZR) initially increased and then decreased. These results suggest that the vigour of E. brevicornu seeds is closely associated with their stage of development, with the highest vigour observed at 28~35 d after flowering

Investigating the growth of carbon traces in cardboard in oil-paper insulation

A large amount of contaminants are collected on the cardboard surface of the valve-side bushing outlet of a converter transformer that has been operating for a long period, and can cause the performance of the oil–paper insulation to degrade. The analysis of their energy spectrum has shown that these contaminants contain free carbon. To investigate causes of the formation of these carbon traces, the authors of this study analyze their law of growth on the surface of the insulating paper in the presence of pure insulating oil and insulating oil containing carbon particles. We examined the influence of carbon tracks of different lengths on the breakdown voltage along the surface of the oil–paper insulation. The results showed that carbonization on the surface of the insulating paper generated carbon traces in pure insulating oil and eventually led to the formation of conductive channels. Moreover, carbon traces were generated by carbon particles deposited on the surface of the insulating paper in insulating oil containing carbon particles. The carbon traces grew from the high-voltage electrode to the ground electrode along the direction of the electric field in both types of oils. The formation of the conductive channel through the poles of the paper in insulating oil containing carbon particles required a lower voltage and a shorter discharge time than that in pure insulating oil. As the concentration of the carbon particles increased, the rate of growth of carbon traces on the surface of the insulating paper increased such that the oil–paper insulation failed earlier than otherwise. Long carbon traces were formed on the surface of the insulating paper in case of a high concentration of carbon particles under the DC pre-pressure mode, and this led to a reduction in the breakdown voltage along the surface of the oil–paper insulation

Qualitative analysis of aromatic compounds via 1D TOCSY techniques

The aromatic compounds, including o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene, primarily originate from the catalytic reforming of crude oil, and have a wide variety of applications. However, because of similar physical and chemical properties, these compounds are difficult to be identified by gas chromatography (GC) without standard samples. With the development of modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, NMR has emerged as a powerful and efficient tool for the rapid analysis of complex and crude mixtures without purification. In this study, the parameters of one-dimensional (1D) total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) NMR techniques, including 1D selective gradient TOCSY and 1D chemical-shift-selective filtration (CSSF) with TOCSY, were optimized to obtain comprehensive molecular structure information. The results indicate that the overlapped signals in NMR spectra of nonpolar aromatic compounds (including o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene), polar aromatic compounds (benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid), and aromatic compounds with additional conjugated bonds (styrene) can be resolved in 1D TOCSY. More importantly, full molecular structures can be clearly distinguished by setting appropriate mixing time in 1D TOCSY. This approach simplifies the NMR spectra, provides structural information of entire molecules, and can be applied for the analysis of other structural isomers