Towards Efficient SDRTV-to-HDRTV by Learning from Image Formation

Modern displays are capable of rendering video content with high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG). However, the majority of available resources are still in standard dynamic range (SDR). As a result, there is significant value in transforming existing SDR content into the HDRTV standard. In this paper, we define and analyze the SDRTV-to-HDRTV task by modeling the formation of SDRTV/HDRTV content. Our analysis and observations indicate that a naive end-to-end supervised training pipeline suffers from severe gamut transition errors. To address this issue, we propose a novel three-step solution pipeline called HDRTVNet++, which includes adaptive global color mapping, local enhancement, and highlight refinement. The adaptive global color mapping step uses global statistics as guidance to perform image-adaptive color mapping. A local enhancement network is then deployed to enhance local details. Finally, we combine the two sub-networks above as a generator and achieve highlight consistency through GAN-based joint training. Our method is primarily designed for ultra-high-definition TV content and is therefore effective and lightweight for processing 4K resolution images. We also construct a dataset using HDR videos in the HDR10 standard, named HDRTV1K that contains 1235 and 117 training images and 117 testing images, all in 4K resolution. Besides, we select five metrics to evaluate the results of SDRTV-to-HDRTV algorithms. Our final results demonstrate state-of-the-art performance both quantitatively and visually. The code, model and dataset are available at https://github.com/xiaom233/HDRTVNet-plus.Comment: Extended version of HDRTVNe

Construction of a prognostic Nomogram for patients with incidental gallbladder cancer

Objective To construct and validate an effective prognostic nomogram for the patients with incidental gallbladder cancer(IGBC). Methods The clinical data of 161 patients with IGBC requiring radical surgery admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from May 2011 to October 2022 was analyzed retrospectively. COX proportional risk regression model was used to screen for influencing factors on overall survival(OS) of IGBC. Nomogram was constructed based on independent influencing factors that affected the prognosis of IGBC patients. The concordance index(C-index) and calibration curve were used to validate the performance of the model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to validate the predictive accuracy and net benefit of the plotted column chart. Results Univariate COX regression analysis suggested that age, T stage, N stage, M stage, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), preoperative carbohydrate antigen19-9(CA19-9), preoperative red blood cell volume distribution on width coefficient of variation(RDW-CV), treatment method, and recurrence and metastasis were risk factors which affected the long-term survival of IGBC patients after radical surgery. Multivariate COX regression analysis suggested that T stage, N stage, preoperative CA19-9， preoperative RDW-CV, preoperative AST， treatment methods, and recurrence and metastasis were independent risk factors which affected the prognosis of IGBC patients. The C-index of the constructed prognostic model was 0.872. The calibration plot demonstrated good performance of the Nomogram. ROC curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.869, confirming a high sensitivity and specificity. A high net benefit was proven by DCA. Conclusions The constructed Nomogram can accurately and intuitively predict the survival probability of IGBC patients after radical surgery

Clinical significance of a point mutation in DNA polymerase beta (POLB) gene in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of global cancer mortality. Genetic variations in DNA repair genes can modulate DNA repair capability and, consequently, have been associated with risk of developing cancer. We have previously identified a T to C point mutation at nucleotide 889 (T889C) in DNA polymerase beta (POLB) gene, a key enzyme involved in base excision repair in primary GCs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutation and expression of POLB in a larger cohort and to identify possible prognostic roles of the POLB alterations in GC. Primary GC specimens and their matched normal adjacent tissues were collected at the time of surgery. DNA, RNA and protein samples were isolated from GC specimens and cell lines. Mutations were detected by PCR-RFLP/DHPLC and sequencing analysis. POLB gene expression was examined by RT-PCR, tissue microarray, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. The function of the mutation was evaluated by chemosensitivity, MTT, Transwell matrigel invasion and host cell reactivation assays. The T889C mutation was detected in 18 (10.17%) of 177 GC patients. And the T889C mutation was associated with POLB overexpression, lymph nodes metastases and poor tumor differentiation. In addition, patients with- the mutation had significantly shorter survival time than those without-, following postoperative chemotherapy. Furthermore, cell lines with T889C mutation in POLB gene were more resistant to the treatment of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and epirubicin than those with wild type POLB. Forced expression of POLB gene with T889C mutation resulted in enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and resistance to anticancer drugs, along with increased DNA repair capability. These results suggest that POLB gene with T889C mutation in surgically resected primary gastric tissues may be clinically useful for predicting responsiveness to chemotherapy in patients with GC. The POLB gene alteration may serve as a prognostic biomarker for GC

Clinical Significance of a Point Mutation in DNA Polymerase Beta (POLB) Gene in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of global cancer mortality. Genetic variations in DNA repair genes can modulate DNA repair capability and, consequently, have been associated with risk of developing cancer. We have previously identified a T to C point mutation at nucleotide 889 (T889C) in DNA polymerase beta (POLB) gene, a key enzyme involved in base excision repair in primary GCs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutation and expression of POLB in a larger cohort and to identify possible prognostic roles of the POLB alterations in GC. Primary GC specimens and their matched normal adjacent tissues were collected at the time of surgery. DNA, RNA and protein samples were isolated from GC specimens and cell lines. Mutations were detected by PCR-RFLP/DHPLC and sequencing analysis. POLB gene expression was examined by RT-PCR, tissue microarray, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. The function of the mutation was evaluated by chemosensitivity, MTT, Transwell matrigel invasion and host cell reactivation assays. The T889C mutation was detected in 18 (10.17%) of 177 GC patients. And the T889C mutation was associated with POLB overexpression, lymph nodes metastases and poor tumor differentiation. In addition, patients with- the mutation had significantly shorter survival time than those without-, following postoperative chemotherapy. Furthermore, cell lines with T889C mutation in POLB gene were more resistant to the treatment of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and epirubicin than those with wild type POLB. Forced expression of POLB gene with T889C mutation resulted in enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and resistance to anticancer drugs, along with increased DNA repair capability. These results suggest that POLBgene with T889C mutation in surgically resected primary gastric tissues may be clinically useful for predicting responsiveness to chemotherapy in patients with GC. The POLB gene alteration may serve as a prognostic biomarker for GC

Progress of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in targeted diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are especially critical for improving its prognosis. Nanotechnology has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Relying on the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their rich surface modifications, effective enrichment of tumor sites can be achieved. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) is one of the commonly used nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, and has good biocompatibility. Through special surface modification, it can be used in targeted diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. MIONPs can be used as a contrast agent for MRI, and by modifying the surface, they also can be used in targeted imaging of pancreatic cancer. And they can also be modified as a drug delivery system to achieve targeted delivery of drugs and improve therapeutic effects. However, the application of MIONPs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment still faces some challenges, such as nanotoxicity and cost issues. With the development of technology, MIONPs are expected to play an important role in the personalized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer

A Point Mutation in DNA Polymerase β (POLB) Gene Is Associated with Increased Progesterone Receptor (PR) Expression and Intraperitoneal Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

Increased expression of progesterone receptor (PR) has been reported in gastric cancer (GC). We have previously identified a functional T889C point mutation in DNA polymerase beta (POLB), a DNA repair gene in GC. To provide a detailed analysis of molecular changes associated with the mutation, human cDNA microarrays focusing on 18 signal transduction pathways were used to analyze differential gene expression profiles between GC tissues with T889C mutant in POLB gene and those with wild type. Among the differentially expressed genes, notably, PR was one of the significantly up-regulated genes in T889C mutant POLB tissues, which were subsequently confirmed in POLB gene transfected AGS cell line. Interestingly, patients with T889C mutation and PR positivity were associated with higher incidence of intraperitoneal metastasis (IM). In vitro studies indicate that PR expression was upregulated in AGS cell line when transfected with T889C mutant expression vector. Cotransfection of T889C mutant allele and PR gene induced cell migration in the cell line. These data demonstrated that T889C mutation-associated PR overexpression results in increased IM. Therefore, T889C mutation-associated PR overexpression may serve as a biomarker for an adverse prognosis for human GC

Deoxycholic acid induces the overexpression of intestinal mucin, MUC2, via NF-kB signaling pathway in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mucin alterations are a common feature of esophageal neoplasia, and alterations in MUC2 mucin have been associated with tumor progression in the esophagus. Bile acids have been linked to esophageal adenocarcinoma and mucin secretion, but their effects on mucin gene expression in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells is unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells were treated 18 hours with 50–300 μM deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, or taurocholic acid. MUC2 transcription was assayed using a MUC2 promoter reporter luciferase construct and MUC2 protein was assayed by Western blot analysis. Transcription Nuclear factor-κB activity was measured using a Nuclear factor-κB reporter construct and confirmed by Western blot analysis for Nuclear factor-κB p65.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>MUC2 transcription and MUC2 protein expression were increased four to five fold by bile acids in a time and dose-dependent manner with no effect on cell viability. Nuclear factor-κB activity was also increased. Treatment with the putative chemopreventive agent aspirin, which decreased Nuclear factor-κB activity, also decreased MUC2 transcription. Nuclear factor-κB p65 siRNA decreased MUC2 transcription, confirming the significance of Nuclear factor-κB in MUC2 induction by deoxycholic acid. Calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), greatly decreased bile acid induced MUC2 transcription and Nuclear factor-κB activity, whereas inhibitors of MAP kinase had no effect.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Deoxycholic acid induced MUC2 overexpression in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells by activation of Nuclear factor-κB transcription through a process involving PKC-dependent but not PKA, independent of activation of MAP kinase.</p

An inexact fractional programming model for irrigation water resources optimal allocation under multiple uncertainties.

In reality, severe water shortage crisis has made bad impact on the sustainable development of a region. In addition, uncertainties are inevitable in the irrigation system. Therefore, a fully fuzzy fractional programming model for optimization allocation of irrigation water resources, which aimed at not only irrigation water optimization but also improving water use efficiency. And then the developed model applied to a case study in Minqin County, Gansu Province, China, which selected maximum economic benefit of per unit water resources as planning objective. Moreover, surface and underground water are main water sources for irrigation. Thus, conjunctive use of surface and underground water was taken under consideration in this study. By solving the developed model, a series of optimal crop area and planting schemes, which were under different α-cut levels, were offered to the decision makers. The obtained results could be helpful for decision makers to make decision on the optimal use of irrigation water resources under multiple uncertainties

Study of the Oxidation Characteristics and CO Production Mechanism of Low-Rank Coal Goaf

Affected by an insufficient understanding of oxidation characteristics and the CO production mechanism in low-rank coal goaf, the safety management of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) faces severe challenges. In this study, in-depth research was conducted using ambient temperature oxidation (ATO), temperature-programmed, in situ FTIR experiments and DFT simulation after analyzing the oxidation scenario characteristics of low-metamorphic coal goaf. The results show the oxidation of low-rank coal goaf includes two processes of ATO in the dissipation zone and CSC in the oxidation zone. The CO production of ATO increases with a decrease in coal metamorphic degree, and the risk of CSC is influenced by ATO, with an inhibitory effect before the critical temperature, and an encouraging effect after that. The CO production mechanism of low metamorphic coal goaf from ATO to CSC is established. Before the critical temperature, CO mainly comes from the primary aldehyde functional groups, then peroxide-free radicals participate in the reaction, resulting in the production of a large number of secondary aldehyde functional groups, which leads to the sudden change in CO output. The problem of the abnormal, continuous exceedance of CO in the tailgate corner can be solved by developing an ATO inhibitor, which plays an inhibiting role at ambient temperature and decomposes in the event of CSC