116 research outputs found
Thinking Twice: Clinical-Inspired Thyroid Ultrasound Lesion Detection Based on Feature Feedback
Accurate detection of thyroid lesions is a critical aspect of computer-aided
diagnosis. However, most existing detection methods perform only one feature
extraction process and then fuse multi-scale features, which can be affected by
noise and blurred features in ultrasound images. In this study, we propose a
novel detection network based on a feature feedback mechanism inspired by
clinical diagnosis. The mechanism involves first roughly observing the overall
picture and then focusing on the details of interest. It comprises two parts: a
feedback feature selection module and a feature feedback pyramid. The feedback
feature selection module efficiently selects the features extracted in the
first phase in both space and channel dimensions to generate high semantic
prior knowledge, which is similar to coarse observation. The feature feedback
pyramid then uses this high semantic prior knowledge to enhance feature
extraction in the second phase and adaptively fuses the two features, similar
to fine observation. Additionally, since radiologists often focus on the shape
and size of lesions for diagnosis, we propose an adaptive detection head
strategy to aggregate multi-scale features. Our proposed method achieves an AP
of 70.3% and AP50 of 99.0% on the thyroid ultrasound dataset and meets the
real-time requirement. The code is available at
https://github.com/HIT-wanglingtao/Thinking-Twice.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, released code for
https://github.com/HIT-wanglingtao/Thinking-Twic
Trust-Worthy Semantic Communications for the Metaverse Relying on Federated Learning
As an evolving successor to the mobile Internet, the Metaverse creates the
impression of an immersive environment, integrating the virtual as well as the
real world. In contrast to the traditional mobile Internet based on servers,
the Metaverse is constructed by billions of cooperating users by harnessing
their smart edge devices having limited communication and computation
resources. In this immersive environment an unprecedented amount of multi-modal
data has to be processed. To circumvent this impending bottleneck, low-rate
semantic communication might be harnessed in support of the Metaverse. But
given that private multi-modal data is exchanged in the Metaverse, we have to
guard against security breaches and privacy invasions. Hence we conceive a
trust-worthy semantic communication system for the Metaverse based on a
federated learning architecture by exploiting its distributed decision-making
and privacy-preserving capability. We conclude by identifying a suite of
promising research directions and open issues
Timing Recovery for Point-to-Multi-Point Coherent Passive Optical Networks
We propose a timing recovery for point-to-multi-point coherent passive
optical networks. The results show that the proposed algorithm has low
complexity and better robustness against the residual chromatic dispersion.Comment: The artical have been submitted to SPPCom conferenc
CMU-Net: A Strong ConvMixer-based Medical Ultrasound Image Segmentation Network
U-Net and its extensions have achieved great success in medical image
segmentation. However, due to the inherent local characteristics of ordinary
convolution operations, U-Net encoder cannot effectively extract global context
information. In addition, simple skip connections cannot capture salient
features. In this work, we propose a fully convolutional segmentation network
(CMU-Net) which incorporates hybrid convolutions and multi-scale attention
gate. The ConvMixer module extracts global context information by mixing
features at distant spatial locations. Moreover, the multi-scale attention gate
emphasizes valuable features and achieves efficient skip connections. We
evaluate the proposed method using both breast ultrasound datasets and a
thyroid ultrasound image dataset; and CMU-Net achieves average Intersection
over Union (IoU) values of 73.27% and 84.75%, and F1 scores of 84.81% and
91.71%. The code is available at https://github.com/FengheTan9/CMU-Net.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication.
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CMUNeXt: An Efficient Medical Image Segmentation Network based on Large Kernel and Skip Fusion
The U-shaped architecture has emerged as a crucial paradigm in the design of
medical image segmentation networks. However, due to the inherent local
limitations of convolution, a fully convolutional segmentation network with
U-shaped architecture struggles to effectively extract global context
information, which is vital for the precise localization of lesions. While
hybrid architectures combining CNNs and Transformers can address these issues,
their application in real medical scenarios is limited due to the computational
resource constraints imposed by the environment and edge devices. In addition,
the convolutional inductive bias in lightweight networks adeptly fits the
scarce medical data, which is lacking in the Transformer based network. In
order to extract global context information while taking advantage of the
inductive bias, we propose CMUNeXt, an efficient fully convolutional
lightweight medical image segmentation network, which enables fast and accurate
auxiliary diagnosis in real scene scenarios. CMUNeXt leverages large kernel and
inverted bottleneck design to thoroughly mix distant spatial and location
information, efficiently extracting global context information. We also
introduce the Skip-Fusion block, designed to enable smooth skip-connections and
ensure ample feature fusion. Experimental results on multiple medical image
datasets demonstrate that CMUNeXt outperforms existing heavyweight and
lightweight medical image segmentation networks in terms of segmentation
performance, while offering a faster inference speed, lighter weights, and a
reduced computational cost. The code is available at
https://github.com/FengheTan9/CMUNeXt.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Comparison of serum apolipoprotein A-I between Chinese multiple sclerosis and other related autoimmune disease
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Serum apolipoprotein (apo) A-I was considered to be an immune regulator and could suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines generated by activated T cell in some autoimmune diseases. However, the change of serum apoA-I levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the presentation we performed a study on serum apoA-I levels in the patients with MS. We enrolled some age and gender matched patients with MS, autoimmune demyelinating diseases (Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Clinically Isolated Syndrome), neuroinflammatory diseases (viral encephalitis), autoimmune connective diseases (rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus) and healthy control groups, and tested their serum lipids levels: total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), apolipoproteinB100 (apoB100), apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>For all patients, age had no effect on serum apoA-I levels (<it>P </it>> 0.05). Meanwhile, we proved the highest serum apoA-I levels in MS patients and the lowest serum apoA-I levels in SLE patients. Serum apoA-I levels was significantly elevated in female MS patients (P = 0.033; P < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In short we believed that patients with MS and other autoimmune demyelination had significantly decreased serum levels of apo A-I.</p
Multilayered Molybdate Microflowers Fabricated by One-Pot Reaction for Efficient Water Splitting
The development of high-performance, low-cost and rapid-production bifunctional electrocatalysts towards overall water splitting still poses huge challenges. Herein, the authors utilize a facile hydrothermal method to synthesize a novel structure of Co-doped ammonium lanthanum molybdate on Ni foams (Co-ALMO@NF) as self-supported electrocatalysts. Owing to large active surfaces, lattice defect and conductive channel for rapid charge transport, Co-ALMO@NF exhibits good electrocatalytic performances which requires only 349/341Â mV to achieve a high current density of 600Â mAÂ cm-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Besides, a low cell voltage of 1.52Â V is required to reach the current density of 10Â mAÂ cm-2 in alkaline medium along with an excellent long-term stability for two-electrode configurations. Density functional theory calculations are performed to reveal the reaction mechanism on Co-ALMO@NF, which shows that the Mo site is the most favorable ones for HER, while the introduction of Co is beneficial to reduce the adsorption intensity on the surface of Co-ALMO@NF, thus accelerating OER process. This work highlighted the importance of the structural design for self-supporting electrocatalysts
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