Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the revised-skin management needs assessment checklist questionnaire in Malay language

Pressure injury (PI) related knowledge can be used as an outcome indicator of a PI education program. In Malaysia, no scale has been translated and validated for measuring PI-related knowledge among patients with a PI. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt, translate and determine the validity and reliability of the Malay version of the revised-Skin Management Need Assessment Checklist (revised-SMnac). The instrument was initially written in English and translated into the Malay language. The internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability were examined after the item and scale's cross-cultural equivalence and content validity were evaluated. Construct validity was determined through the administration of the instrument amongst 170 hospitalised patients with a PI. Content validity index (CVI) was further determined through validation by a panel of five wound care experts. The instrument's stability was determined by the test-retest model with a two-week interval. The content validity of the item-CVI (I-CVI) was >79%, indicating that all 17-items were appropriate, while the scale-CVI (S-CVI) of >0.83 indicated an acceptable scale. The Cronbach's Alpha was .994 indicated good internal consistency. Test-retest showed a good intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.955 with 95% CI [0.992–0.996]. The Malay version of the revised-SMnac demonstrated to be a valid and reliable tool to measure PI-related knowledge among the Malay-speaking patient population in Malaysia. The tool is recommended for use to measure the effectiveness of education programs related to PI care in future studies

Systematic review of patient education for pressure injury: Evidence to guide practice

Background: Pressure injuries (PIs) are generally regarded as predictable and preventable. Therefore, providing appropriate care for PI prevention and its management is vital. Patient education is a significant component of the PI international guideline recommended strategy in preventing PIs. Despite the availability of evidence supporting patient education, consensus regarding the effect of patient education on knowledge, patient participation, wound healing progress, and quality of life is still lacking. Aims: The main aim was to systematically evaluate the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of structured patient education on their knowledge, participation, wound healing, and quality of life. Methods: The search strategy retrieved studies published between 2009 and 2021 in English across PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library. Adult participants aged 18 years and above were included. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and interventional studies were all included in this review. Three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the studies, prior to critical appraisal, using standardized tools, that is, the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for randomized and non-randomized studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: A total of eight studies (466 participants) were included in this review. Available evidence indicated improved patient knowledge, participation, and quality of life with structured patient education. However, there was insufficient high-quality evidence to conclude the effect on wound healing. Linking Evidence to Action: Structured patient education for PI was deemed to help improve patients' knowledge, participation, and quality of life. More rigorous trials are needed for the effect on wound healing progress. Thus, future educational interventions should include wound care components that describe the patient's role in promoting wound healing. A well-structured patient education program protocol is crucial to ensure the educational intervention was measurable in its effectiveness and reproducibility