EFFECT OF PANEL AREA-VOLUME RATIO ON TVOC RELEASED FROM DECORATIVE PARTICLEBOARDS

Home renovation can improve our living environment, but it can cause pollution and endanger human health. Wood-based panels are a main source of polluting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This article studied the VOC concentration of different types of decorative particleboards (PBs) and different panel area–volume ratio, and the effect of panel area–volume ratio on release of various substances. In this study, the main experimental conditions are as follows: the temperature was controlled at 230.5°C; the humidity was controlled at 50%3%; and the rate of ventilation was controlled at once 1 h. And a 15-L small–environmental chamber was used to test the VOC emission. The experimental material was PB with different decorative materials (water-based paint, melamine-impregnated paper, polyvinyl chloride, and PB with no decorative material), and VOC emission was collected under different panel area–volume ratios (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5m2/m3). The result showed that the VOCs were present, with the trend of decreasing with time. The decline velocity of water-based paint (WP) was the fastest, whereas that of the PB with no decorative material was the slowest. Increase of panel area–volume ratio could cause the VOC concentration to increase, but the panel area–volume ratio does not have a linear relationship with VOC concentration. Surface decoration can reduce the release of various kinds of material inside the plate to a certain extent. Melamine impregnated paper (MI) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can reduce the release of aromatic hydrocarbons in panels, and PVC can inhibit the release of esters in panels.

Viscoelastic stress change from the 1931 MW7.8 Fuyun earthquake and its impacts on seismic activity around the Altai mountains

The 1931 MW7.8 Fuyun earthquake occurred around the Altai mountains, an intracontinental deformation belt with limited active strain-rate accumulation. To explore whether seismic activity in this deformation belt was affected by stress interaction among different active faults, we calculate the Coulomb failure stress change (ΔCFS) induced by the Fuyun earthquake due to coseismic deformation of the elastic crust and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle. Numerical results show that the total ΔCFS at a 10-km depth produced by the Fuyun earthquake attains approximately 0.015–0.134 bar near the epicenter, and just before the occurrence of the 2003 MW7.2 Chuya earthquake, which distances about 400 km away from the Fuyun earthquake. Among the increased ΔCFS, viscoelastic relaxation from 1931 to 2003 contributes to approximately 0.014–0.131 bar, accounting for >90% of the total ΔCFS. More importantly, we find that for the recorded seismicity in the region with a radius of about 270 km to the Fuyun earthquake from 1970 to 2018, the percentage of earthquakes that fall in positive lobes of ΔCFS resolved on the NNW-SSE Fuyun strike-slip fault, on the NWW-SEE Irtysh strike-slip fault, and on the NW-SE Kurti reverse fault is up to 67.22%–91.36%. Therefore, the predicted ΔCFS suggests that the impact of the 1931 MW7.8 Fuyun earthquake on seismic activity around the Altai mountains is still significant as to hasten occurrence of the 2003 MW7.2 Chuya earthquake at a relatively far distance and to trigger its aftershocks in the near-field even after several decades of the mainshock

Exploring Space Management Goals in Institutional Care Facilities in China

Space management has been widely examined in commercial facilities, educational facilities, and hospitals but not in China’s institutional care facilities. Poor spatial arrangements, such as wasted space, dysfunctionality, and environment mismanagement, are increasing; in turn, the occupancy rate is decreasing due to residential dissatisfaction. To address these problems, this paper’s objective is to explore the space management goals (SMGs) in institutional care facilities in China. Systematic literature analysis was adopted to set SMGs’ principles, to identify nine theoretical SMGs, and to develop the conceptual model of SMGs for institutional care facilities. A total of 19 intensive interviews were conducted with stakeholders in seven institutional care facilities to collect data for qualitative analysis. The qualitative evidence was analyzed through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. As a result, six major categories as well as their interrelationships were put forward to visualize the path diagram for exploring SMGs in China’s institutional care facilities. Furthermore, seven expected SMGs that were explored from qualitative evidence were confirmed as China’s SMGs in institutional care facilities by a validation test. Finally, a gap analysis among theoretical SMGs and China’s SMGs provided recommendations for implementing space management in China’s institutional care facilities

A shock tube study of jet fuel pyrolysis and ignition at elevated pressures and temperatures

The development of compact HyChem hybrid models for jet fuels requires datasets of pyrolysis product yields to constrain the model and of kinetic targets to evaluate the model. To this end, we have measured selected species time-histories during fuel pyrolysis using laser absorption, and ignition delay times using multiple methods behind reflected shock waves in a heated shock tube. Measurements were performed for three different jet fuels diluted in air or argon over a temperature range of 1000–1400 K, a pressure range of 12–40 atm, and equivalence ratios of 0.5–1. Fuel loading was measured using an IR He-Ne laser at 3391 nm; ethylene with a CO2 gas laser at wavelengths of 10532 nm and 10674 nm; and methane with a tunable diode laser at wavelengths of 3175 nm and 3177 nm. Ignition delay times were measured in three ways: by monitoring fuel removal with laser absorption, by sidewall pressure, and by OH∗ emission. Particular care was taken in mixture preparation and efficient transfer of the gaseous fuel mixture to the shock tube. The current HyChem model by Wang et al. shows good agreement with these data

SOSTDC1 Nuclear Translocation Facilitates BTIC Maintenance and CHD1‐Mediated HR Repair to Promote Tumor Progression and Olaparib Resistance in TNBC

Abstract Breast tumor‐initiating cells (BTICs) of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues actively repair DNA and are resistant to treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Herein, it is found that a previously reported secreted protein, sclerostin domain containing 1 (SOSTDC1), is abundantly expressed in BTICs of TNBC cells and positively correlated with a poor patient prognosis. SOSTDC1 knockdown impairs homologous recombination (HR) repair, BTIC maintenance, and sensitized bulk cells and BTICs to Olaparib. Mechanistically, following Olaparib treatment, SOSTDC1 translocates to the nucleus in an importin‐α dependent manner. Nuclear SOSTDC1 interacts with the N‐terminus of the nucleoprotein, chromatin helicase DNA‐binding factor (CHD1), to promote HR repair and BTIC maintenance. Furthermore, nuclear SOSTDC1 bound to β‐transducin repeat‐containing protein (β‐TrCP) binding motifs of CHD1 is found, thereby blocking the β‐TrCP‐CHD1 interaction and inhibiting β‐TrCP‐mediated CHD1 ubiquitination and degradation. Collectively, these findings identify a novel nuclear SOSTDC1 pathway in regulating HR repair and BTIC maintenance, providing insight into the TNBC therapeutic strategies

Table1_A rabbit osteochondral defect (OCD) model for evaluation of tissue engineered implants on their biosafety and efficacy in osteochondral repair.docx

Osteochondral defect (OCD) is a common but challenging condition in orthopaedics that imposes huge socioeconomic burdens in our aging society. It is imperative to accelerate the R&D of regenerative scaffolds using osteochondral tissue engineering concepts. Yet, all innovative implant-based treatments require animal testing models to verify their feasibility, biosafety, and efficacy before proceeding to human trials. Rabbit models offer a more clinically relevant platform for studying OCD repair than smaller rodents, while being more cost-effective than large animal models. The core-decompression drilling technique to produce full-thickness distal medial femoral condyle defects in rabbits can mimic one of the trauma-relevant OCD models. This model is commonly used to evaluate the implant’s biosafety and efficacy of osteochondral dual-lineage regeneration. In this article, we initially indicate the methodology and describe a minimally-invasive surgical protocol in a step-wise manner to generate a standard and reproducible rabbit OCD for scaffold implantation. Besides, we provide a detailed procedure for sample collection, processing, and evaluation by a series of subsequent standardized biochemical, radiological, biomechanical, and histological assessments. In conclusion, the well-established, easy-handling, reproducible, and reliable rabbit OCD model will play a pivotal role in translational research of osteochondral tissue engineering.</p