Null hypersurface quantization, electromagnetic duality and asymptotic symmetries of Maxwell theory

In this paper we consider introducing careful regularization in the quantization of Maxwell theory in the asymptotic null infinity. This allows systematic discussions of the commutators in various boundary conditions, and application of Dirac brackets accordingly in a controlled manner. This method is most useful when we consider asymptotic charges that are not localized at the boundary $u\to \pm \infty$ like large gauge transformations. We show that our method reproduces the operator algebra in known cases, and it can be applied to other space-time symmetry charges such as the BMS transformations. We also obtain the asymptotic form of the U(1) charge following from the electromagnetic duality in an explicitly EM symmetric Schwarz-Sen type action. Using our regularization method, we demonstrate that the charge generates the expected transformation of a helicity operator. Our method promises applications in more generic theories.Comment: 26 pages, typos correcte

Hartle-Hawking state and its factorization in 3d gravity

We study 3d quantum gravity with two asymptotically anti-de Sitter regions, in particular, using its relation with coupled Alekseev-Shatashvili theories and Liouville theory. Expressions for the Hartle-Hawking state, thermal $2n$-point functions, torus wormhole correlators and Wheeler-DeWitt wavefunctions in different bases are obtained using the ZZ boundary states in Liouville theory. Exact results in 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity are uplifted to 3d gravity, with two copies of Liouville theory in 3d gravity playing a similar role as Schwarzian theory in JT gravity. The connection between 3d gravity and the Liouville ZZ boundary states are manifested by viewing BTZ black holes as Maldacena-Maoz wormholes, with the two wormhole boundaries glued along the ZZ boundaries. In this work, we also study the factorization problem of the Hartle-Hawking state in 3d gravity. With the relevant defect operator that imposes the necessary topological constraint for contractibility, the trace formula in gravity is modified in computing the entanglement entropy. This trace matches with the one from von Neumann algebra considerations, further reproducing the Bekenstein-Hawking area formula from entanglement entropy. Lastly, we propose a calculation for off-shell geometrical quantities that are responsible for the ramp behavior in the late time two-point functions, which follows from the understanding of the Liouville FZZT boundary states in the context of 3d gravity, and the identification between Verlinde loop operators in Liouville theory and "baby universe" operators in 3d gravity.Comment: 71 pages+appendices, 33 figures (v2: Correction to Section 6.1, figures added, typos fixed, size of figures compressed, references added.

Design and Implementation of Benes/Clos On-Chip Interconnection Networks

Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) have emerged as the key on-chip communication architecture for multiprocessor systems-on-chip and chip multiprocessors. Single-hop non-blocking networks have the advantage of providing uniform latency and throughput, which is important for cachecoherent NoC systems. Existing work shows that Benes networks have much lower transistor count and smaller circuit area but longer delay than crossbars. To reduce the delay, we propose to design the Clos network built with larger size switches. Using less than half number of stages than the Benes network, the Clos network with 4x4 switches can significantly reduce the delay. This dissertation focuses on designing high performance Benes/Clos on-chip interconnection networks and implementing the switch setting circuits for these networks. The major contributions are summarized below: The circuit designs of both Benes and Clos networks in different sizes are conducted considering two types of implementation of the configurable switch: with NMOS transistors only and full transmission gates (TGs). The layout and simulation results under 45nm technology show that TG-based Benes networks have much better delay and power performance than their NMOS-based counterparts, though more transistor resources are needed in TG-based designs. Clos networks achieve average 60% lower delay than Benes networks with even smaller area and power consumption. The Lee’s switch setting algorithm is fully implemented in RTL and synthesized. We have refined the algorithm in data structure and initialization/updating of relation values to make it suitable for hardware implementation. The simulation and synthesis results of the switching setting circuits for 4x4 to 64x64 Benes networks under 65nm technology confirm that the trend of delay and area results of the circuit is consistent with that of the Lee’s algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first complete hardware implementation of the parallel switch setting algorithm which can handle all types of permutations including partial ones. The results in this dissertation confirm that the Benes/Clos networks are promising solution to implement on-chip interconnection network

The Clinical Relevance of Serum NDKA, NMDA, PARK7, and UFDP Levels with Phlegm-Heat Syndrome and Treatment Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Acute Ischemic Stroke

According to the methods of Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) based on the patient reports internationally and referring to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guide, some scholars developed this PRO of stroke which is consistent with China’s national conditions, and using it the feel of stroke patients was introduced into the clinical efficacy evaluation system of stoke. “Ischemic Stroke TCM Syndrome Factor Diagnostic Scale (ISTSFDS)” and “Ischemic Stroke TCM Syndrome Factor Evaluation Scale (ISTSFES)” were by “Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (number 2003CB517102).” ISTSFDS can help to classify and diagnose the CM syndrome reasonably and objectively with application of syndrome factors. Six syndrome factors, internal-wind syndrome, internal-fire syndrome, phlegm-dampness syndrome, blood-stasis syndrome, qi-deficiency syndrome, and yin-deficiency syndrome, were included in ISTSFDS and ISTSFES. TCM syndrome factor was considered to be present if the score was greater than or equal to 10 according to ISTSFDS. In our study, patients with phlegm-heat syndrome were recruited, who met the diagnosis of both “phlegm-dampness” and “internal-fire” according to ISTSFDS. ISTSFES was used to assess the syndrome severity; in our study it was used to assess the severity of phlegm-heat syndrome (phlegm-heat syndrome scores = phlegm-dampness syndrome scores + internal-fire syndrome scores)

Research on Temperature Field and Stress Field of Prefabricate Block Electric Furnace Roof

This paper establishes the CAD/CAE model of high aluminum brick furnace cover and a precast furnace cover (casting three block, eight block, twelve block) based on a 30t electric furnace roof real model of a steel factory and simulates the temperature and stress field of the firebrick roof and prefabricate block roof with ANSYS. The calculation results have indicated that the contact stress between furnace cover and precast block will affect the performance of the furnace cover and the furnace cover which is assembled by three pieces of casting precast block obtains lower stress levels has a longer service life, providing a quantitative reference for selection of casting scheme

Influence Factors on Stress Distribution of Electric Furnace Roof

Electric furnace roof is an important device for electric steel making, whose heat preservation performance and life-span have a direct impact on the economic benefits of iron and steel enterprise. This paper investigates the effect between the stress level of electric furnace roof and the material parameters. Research indicates that they have a trend to change in the same direction

Relationships of Skin AGEs and Serum CN-1 with Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BackgroundHyperglycemia plays a significant role in the development and progression of diabetic complications. While carnosine is a putative scavenger of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) , its availability in tissue is limited by the activity of serum carnosinase-1 (CN-1) . So far, the correlations of skin AGEs and serum CN-1 concentration with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) , and microvascular complications in T2DM are still unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships of skin AGEs, and serum CN-1 with microvascular complications in T2DM to evaluate the predictive values of skin AGEs and serum CN-1 for diabetic complications.MethodsA total of 134 inpatients with T2DM were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January and March 2021.Their clinical data were collected. Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to examine the correlation between skin AGEs and serum CN-1, and the correlations of skin AGEs and serum CN-1 with demographic and serological data, diabetic microvascular complications and other diseases. The influencing factors of skin AGEs and serum CN-1 were investigated by multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsOut of all subjects, there were 13 (9.7%) cases of diabetic retinopathy (DR) , 38 (28.4%) cases of diabetic nephropathy (DN) , 56 (41.8%) cases of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) , and 79 (59.0%) cases of diabetic peripheral vascular disease. The skin AGEs level was (80.2 ±10.6) and serum CN-1 concentration was (6.9±3.4) μg/L on average. Correlation analyses demonstrated that gender, age, and DR were positively correlated with skin AGEs (P<0.05) , but estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CN-1 were negatively correlated with skin AGEs (P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender (B=7.630) , age (B=0.408) and DR (B=7.183) were associated with skin AGEs (P<0.05) . Correlation analyses showed that serum CN-1 was increased with age or with the increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P<0.05) , while it decreased with the decline of skin AGEs (P<0.05) .ConclusionBoth skin AGEs and serum CN-1 may have no obvious correlation with most diabetic microvascular complications, such as DN, DPN and diabetic peripheral vascular disease. But different from serum CN-1, skin AGEs may significantly correlated with DR