Influence of Fermion Velocity Renormalization on Dynamical Mass Generation in QED3_3

We study dynamical fermion mass generation in (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics with a gauge field coupling to massless Dirac fermions and non-relativistic scalar bosons. We calculate the fermion velocity renormalization and then examine its influence on dynamical mass generation by using the Dyson-Schwinger equation. It is found that dynamical mass generation takes place even after including the scalar bosons as long as the bosonic compressibility parameter $\xi$ is sufficiently small. In addition, the fermion velocity renormalization enhances the dynamically generated mass.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Chinese Physics Letter, Vol 29, page 057401(2012

Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Survey

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) aims to answer a question over a knowledge base (KB). Early studies mainly focused on answering simple questions over KBs and achieved great success. However, their performance on complex questions is still far from satisfactory. Therefore, in recent years, researchers propose a large number of novel methods, which looked into the challenges of answering complex questions. In this survey, we review recent advances on KBQA with the focus on solving complex questions, which usually contain multiple subjects, express compound relations, or involve numerical operations. In detail, we begin with introducing the complex KBQA task and relevant background. Then, we describe benchmark datasets for complex KBQA task and introduce the construction process of these datasets. Next, we present two mainstream categories of methods for complex KBQA, namely semantic parsing-based (SP-based) methods and information retrieval-based (IR-based) methods. Specifically, we illustrate their procedures with flow designs and discuss their major differences and similarities. After that, we summarize the challenges that these two categories of methods encounter when answering complex questions, and explicate advanced solutions and techniques used in existing work. Finally, we conclude and discuss several promising directions related to complex KBQA for future research.Comment: 20 pages, 4 tables, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.1164

Poly[[tetra­aqua­di-μ4-oxalato-μ2-oxalato-dineo­dymium(III)] dihydrate]

The title compound, {[Nd2(C2O4)3(H2O)4]·2H2O}n, was synthesized hydro­thermally in the presence of bis­(carb­oxy­ethyl­germanium) sesquioxide. It is isostructural with the corresponding Pr compound [Yang et al. (2009). Acta Cryst. E65, m1152–m1153]. The Nd3+ cation is nine-coordinated and its coordination polyhedron can be described as a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Two Nd3+ ions are connected by two O atoms from two oxalate ions to give a dinuclear Nd2 unit. The unit is further linked to four others via four oxalate ions yielding a layerparallel to (0-11). The linkages between the layers by neighbouring oxalate anions lead to a three-dimensional framework with channels along the c axis. The coordinating and free water mol­ecules are located in the channels and make contact with each other and the host framework by weak O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Improving multi-hop knowledge base question answering by learning intermediate supervision signals

National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore under International Research Centres in Singapore Funding InitiativeThe code is available at https://github.com/RichardHGL/WSDM2021_NSM</p

Japanese encephalitis virus infection induces changes of mRNA profile of mouse spleen and brain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, leading to an acute encephalitis and damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism of JEV pathogenesis is still unclear. DNA microarray analyses have been recently employed to detect changes in host gene expression, which is helpful to reveal molecular pathways that govern viral pathogenesis. In order to globally identify candidate host genes associated with JEV pathogenesis, a systematic mRNA profiling was performed in spleens and brains of JEV-infected mice.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results of microarray analysis showed that 437 genes in spleen and 1119 genes in brain were differentially expressed in response to JEV infection, with obviously upregulated genes like pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, apoptosis-related proteases and IFN inducible transcription factors. And the significant pathways of differentially expressed genes are involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, antigen processing and presentation, MAPK signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling, etc. The differential expression of these genes suggests a strong antiviral response of host but may also contribute to the pathogenesis of JEV resulting in encephalitis. Quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay of some selected genes further confirmed the results of microarray assay.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Data obtained from mRNA microarray suggests that JEV infection causes significant changes of mRNA expression profiles in mouse spleen and brain. Most of differentially expression genes are associated with antiviral response of host, which may provide important information for investigation of JEV pathogenesis and therapeutic method.</p

Radiation inactivation analysis of H+-pyrophosphatase from submitochondrial particles of etiolated mung bean seedlings

AbstractRadiation inactivation analysis was employed to determine the functional masses of enzymatic activity and proton translocation of H+-pyrophosphatase from submitochondrial particles of etiolated mung bean seedlings. The activities of H+-pyrophosphatase decayed as a simple exponential function with respect to radiation dosage. D37 values of 6.9±0.3 and 7.5±0.5 Mrad were obtained for pyrophosphate hydrolysis and its associated proton translocation, yielding molecular masses of 170±7 and 156±11 kDa, respectively. In the presence of valinomycin and 50 mM KCl, the functional size of H+-pyrophosphatase of tonoplast was decreased, while that of submitochondrial particles remained the same, indicating that they are two distinct types of proton pump using PPi as their energy source

Constraining first-order phase transitions with curvature perturbations

We investigate the curvature perturbations induced by the randomness of the quantum tunneling process during cosmological first-order phase transitions (PTs) and for the first time ultilize curvature perturbations to constrain the PT parameters. We find that the observations of the cosmic microwave background spectrum distortion and the ultracompact minihalo abundance can give strict constraints on the PTs below 100GeV, especially for the low-scale PTs and the weak PTs. The current constraint on the PT parameters is largely extended by the results in this work.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure