2,4-Dibromo-6-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]phenol

In the title compound, C7H5Br4NO2, intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds are observed. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into dimers

Serum vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background: To investigate the relationship 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) level among children and in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: A case–control study was conducted to compare the serum 25OHD levels between cases and controls. This study recruited 296 T1DM children (106 newly diagnosed T1DM patients and 190 established T1DM patients), and 295 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects as controls. Results: The mean serum 25OHD in T1DM children was 48.69 ± 15.26 nmol/L and in the controls was 57.93 ± 19.03 nmol/L. The mean serum 25OHD in T1DM children was lower than that of controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in T1DM children, and it should be worthy of attention on the lack of vitamin D in established T1DM children

Evolutional selection of a combinatorial phage library displaying randomly-rearranged various single domains of immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding proteins (IBPs) with four kinds of Ig molecules

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Protein A, protein G and protein L are three well-defined immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding proteins (IBPs), which show affinity for specific sites on Ig of mammalian hosts. Although the precise functions of these molecules are not fully understood, it is thought that they play an important role in pathogenicity of bacteria. The single domains of protein A, protein G and protein L were all demonstrated to have function to bind to Ig. Whether combinations of Ig-binding domains of various IBPs could exhibit useful novel binding is interesting.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We used a combinatorial phage library which displayed randomly-rearranged various-peptide-linked molecules of D and A domains of protein A, designated PA(D) and PA(A) respectively, B2 domain of protein G (PG) and B3 domain of protein L (PL) for affinity selection with human IgG (hIgG), human IgM (hIgM), human IgA (hIgA) and recombinant hIgG1-Fc as bait respectively. Two kinds of novel combinatorial molecules with characteristic structure of PA(A)-PG and PA(A)-PL were obtained in hIgG (hIgG1-Fc) and hIgM (hIgA) post-selection populations respectively. In addition, the linking peptides among all PA(A)-PG and PA(A)-PL structures was strongly selected, and showed interestingly divergent and convergent distribution. The phage binding assays and competitive inhibition experiments demonstrated that PA(A)-PG and PA(A)-PL combinations possess comparable binding advantages with hIgG/hIgG1-Fc and hIgM/hIgA respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this work, a combinatorial phage library displaying Ig-binding domains of protein A, protein G, or protein L joined by various random linking peptides was used to conducted evolutional selection <it>in vitro</it> with four kinds of Ig molecules. Two kinds of novel combinations of Ig-binding domains, PA(A)-PG and PA(A)-PL, were obtained, and demonstrate the novel Ig binding properties.</p

Eosinophils from murine lamina propria induce differentiation of naïve T cells into regulatory T cells via TGF-β1 and retinoic acid

Treg cells play a crucial role in immune tolerance, but mechanisms that induce Treg cells are poorly understood. We here have described eosinophils in lamina propria (LP) that displayed high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, a rate-limiting step during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) synthesis, and expressed TGF-β1 mRNA and high levels of ATRA. Co-incubation assay confirmed that LP eosinophils induced the differentiation of naïve T cells into Treg cells. Differentiation promoted by LP eosinophils were inhibited by blocked either TGF-β1 or ATRA. Peripheral blood (PB) eosinophils did not produce ATRA and could not induce Treg differentiation. These data identifies LP eosinophils as effective inducers of Treg cell differentiation through a mechanism dependent on TGF-β1 and ATRA

Overall surgical outcome of chalazion under different type of anesthesia in children

AIM: To compare the overall surgical outcome of chalazion surgery under general anesthesia or local anesthesia in children. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study. Pediatric patients(4-year-old to 10-year-old)with bilateral chalazion who were treated with extraction surgery were included during January 2015 to December 2016. These subjects were divided into two groups according to type of anesthesia: general anesthesia group(GA group, 67 cases, 134 eyes)and local anesthesia group(LA group, 72 cases, 144 eyes). The pain score(FPS-R)and post-operative psychological destruction scores, condition of tear film and Meibomian gland, the recurrent rate and postoperative complications were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: No anesthesia-associated complication were recorded in both groups. The children in GA group felt no pain during operations. The FPS-R score at 3h after surgery in GA group was 4.94±1.23, which was significantly lower than that of LA group(7.00±1.14, PPPPPPCONCLUSION: Chalazion surgery under general anesthesia has the advantage of mild pain and good compliance in children. After surgery, the patients presented with better tear film and Meibomian gland status, and fewer complications under general anesthesia

Whole-tumor histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficients for predicting lymphovascular space invasion in stage IB-IIA cervical cancer

ObjectivesTo investigate the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis based on whole tumor volume for the preoperative prediction of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer.MethodsFifty consecutive patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer were stratified into LVSI-positive (n = 24) and LVSI-negative (n = 26) groups according to the postoperative pathology. All patients underwent pelvic 3.0T diffusion-weighted imaging with b-values of 50 and 800 s/mm2 preoperatively. Whole-tumor ADC histogram analysis was performed. Differences in the clinical characteristics, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, and ADC histogram parameters between the two groups were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ADC histogram parameters in predicting LVSI.ResultsADCmax, ADCrange, ADC90, ADC95, and ADC99 were significantly lower in the LVSI-positive group than in the LVSI-negative group (all P-values &lt; 0.05), whereas no significant differences were reported for the remaining ADC parameters, clinical characteristics, and conventional MRI features between the groups (all P-values &gt; 0.05). For predicting LVSI in stage IB-IIA cervical cancer, a cutoff ADCmax of 1.75×10−3 mm2/s achieved the largest area under ROC curve (Az) of 0.750, followed by a cutoff ADCrange of 1.36×10−3 mm2/s and ADC99 of 1.75×10−3 mm2/s (Az = 0.748 and 0.729, respectively), and the cutoff ADC90 and ADC95 achieved an Az of &lt;0.70.ConclusionWhole-tumor ADC histogram analysis has potential value for preoperative prediction of LVSI in patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer. ADCmax, ADCrange, and ADC99 are promising prediction parameters

Integrated application of uniform design and least-squares support vector machines to transfection optimization

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Transfection in mammalian cells based on liposome presents great challenge for biological professionals. To protect themselves from exogenous insults, mammalian cells tend to manifest poor transfection efficiency. In order to gain high efficiency, we have to optimize several conditions of transfection, such as amount of liposome, amount of plasmid, and cell density at transfection. However, this process may be time-consuming and energy-consuming. Fortunately, several mathematical methods, developed in the past decades, may facilitate the resolution of this issue. This study investigates the possibility of optimizing transfection efficiency by using a method referred to as least-squares support vector machine, which requires only a few experiments and maintains fairly high accuracy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A protocol consists of 15 experiments was performed according to the principle of uniform design. In this protocol, amount of liposome, amount of plasmid, and the number of seeded cells 24 h before transfection were set as independent variables and transfection efficiency was set as dependent variable. A model was deduced from independent variables and their respective dependent variable. Another protocol made up by 10 experiments was performed to test the accuracy of the model. The model manifested a high accuracy. Compared to traditional method, the integrated application of uniform design and least-squares support vector machine greatly reduced the number of required experiments. What's more, higher transfection efficiency was achieved.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The integrated application of uniform design and least-squares support vector machine is a simple technique for obtaining high transfection efficiency. Using this novel method, the number of required experiments would be greatly cut down while higher efficiency would be gained. Least-squares support vector machine may be applicable to many other problems that need to be optimized.</p