Temperature dependence of Kerr constant for water at 658 nm and for pulsed intense electric fields

The temperature dependence of the Kerr constant for water has been determined over the range 19 °C-45 °C at a wavelength of 658 nm. This paper presents the experimental arrangement used for this purpose and the data obtained, for which a polynomial fit is provided. A formula is also suggested to help estimate the variation of the Kerr constant for water with both temperature and wavelength

Integrated network analysis reveals potentially novel molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of refractory epilepsies

<div><p>Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder and a significant health problem. The pathogenesis of epilepsy remains obscure in a significant number of patients and the current treatment options are not adequate in about a third of individuals which were known as refractory epilepsies (RE). Network medicine provides an effective approach for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying complex diseases. Here we integrated 1876 disease-gene associations of RE and located those genes to human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to obtain 42 significant RE-associated disease modules. The functional analysis of these disease modules showed novel molecular pathological mechanisms of RE, such as the novel enriched pathways (e.g., “presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors”, “signaling by insulin receptor”). Further analysis on the relationships between current drug targets and the RE-related disease genes showed the rational mechanisms of most antiepileptic drugs. In addition, we detected ten potential novel drug targets (e.g., KCNA1, KCNA4-6, KCNC3, KCND2, KCNMA1, CAMK2G, CACNB4 and GRM1) located in three RE related disease modules, which might provide novel insights into the new drug discovery for RE therapy.</p></div