110 research outputs found
Magnetoelectric domains and their switching mechanism in a Y-type hexaferrite
By employing resonant X-ray microdiffraction, we image the magnetisation and
magnetic polarity domains of the Y-type hexaferrite
BaSrMgFeO. We show that the magnetic polarity
domain structure can be controlled by both magnetic and electric fields, and
that full inversion of these domains can be achieved simply by reversal of an
applied magnetic field in the absence of an electric field bias. Furthermore,
we demonstrate that the diffraction intensity measured in different X-ray
polarisation channels cannot be reproduced by the accepted model for the polar
magnetic structure, known as the 2-fan transverse conical (TC) model. We
propose a modification to this model, which achieves good quantitative
agreement with all of our data. We show that the deviations from the TC model
are large, and may be the result of an internal magnetic chirality, most likely
inherited from the parent helical (non-polar) phase.Comment: 9 figure
Enhancing Graph Collaborative Filtering via Uniformly Co-Clustered Intent Modeling
Graph-based collaborative filtering has emerged as a powerful paradigm for
delivering personalized recommendations. Despite their demonstrated
effectiveness, these methods often neglect the underlying intents of users,
which constitute a pivotal facet of comprehensive user interests. Consequently,
a series of approaches have arisen to tackle this limitation by introducing
independent intent representations. However, these approaches fail to capture
the intricate relationships between intents of different users and the
compatibility between user intents and item properties.
To remedy the above issues, we propose a novel method, named uniformly
co-clustered intent modeling. Specifically, we devise a uniformly contrastive
intent modeling module to bring together the embeddings of users with similar
intents and items with similar properties. This module aims to model the
nuanced relations between intents of different users and properties of
different items, especially those unreachable to each other on the user-item
graph. To model the compatibility between user intents and item properties, we
design the user-item co-clustering module, maximizing the mutual information of
co-clusters of users and items. This approach is substantiated through
theoretical validation, establishing its efficacy in modeling compatibility to
enhance the mutual information between user and item representations.
Comprehensive experiments on various real-world datasets verify the
effectiveness of the proposed framework.Comment: In submissio
Observation of Full-Parameter Jones Matrix in Bilayer Metasurface
Metasurfaces, artificial 2D structures, have been widely used for the design
of various functionalities in optics. Jones matrix, a 2*2 matrix with eight
parameters, provides the most complete characterization of the metasurface
structures in linear optics, and the number of free parameters (i.e., degrees
of freedom, DOFs) in the Jones matrix determines the limit to what
functionalities we can realize. Great efforts have been made to continuously
expand the number of DOFs, and a maximal number of six has been achieved
recently. However, the realization of 'holy grail' goal with eight DOFs (full
free parameters) has been proven as a great challenge so far. Here, we show
that by cascading two layer metasurfaces and utilizing the gradient descent
optimization algorithm, a spatially varying Jones matrix with eight DOFs is
constructed and verified numerically and experimentally in optical frequencies.
Such ultimate control unlocks new opportunities to design optical
functionalities that are unattainable with previously known methodologies and
may find wide potential applications in optical fields.Comment: 53 paegs, 4 figure
Efficient Cavity Searching for Gene Network of Influenza A Virus
High order structures (cavities and cliques) of the gene network of influenza
A virus reveal tight associations among viruses during evolution and are key
signals that indicate viral cross-species infection and cause pandemics. As
indicators for sensing the dynamic changes of viral genes, these higher order
structures have been the focus of attention in the field of virology. However,
the size of the viral gene network is usually huge, and searching these
structures in the networks introduces unacceptable delay. To mitigate this
issue, in this paper, we propose a simple-yet-effective model named HyperSearch
based on deep learning to search cavities in a computable complex network for
influenza virus genetics. Extensive experiments conducted on a public influenza
virus dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of HyperSearch over other advanced
deep-learning methods without any elaborated model crafting. Moreover,
HyperSearch can finish the search works in minutes while 0-1 programming takes
days. Since the proposed method is simple and easy to be transferred to other
complex networks, HyperSearch has the potential to facilitate the monitoring of
dynamic changes in viral genes and help humans keep up with the pace of virus
mutations.Comment: work in progres
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-encapsulated iodine-131 nanoparticles fabricated with rhTSH induce apoptosis and immobilization of thyroid cancer cells
BackgroundAggressive thyroid carcinoma (ATC) usually loses radioiodine avidity to iodine-131 (131I) due to the downregulation of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). The expression of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is more persistent than NIS and the administration of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) promotes de novo NIS synthesis. Hence, exploring methods integrating 131I with rhTSH might be a feasible therapeutic strategy for selective delivery of 131I into thyroid cancer to fortify the effect of radioiodine ablation.MethodsThe 131I, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and rhTSH were used to synthesize of the 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles. The characteristics of the 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles was determined using a light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), autoradiography and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The diameter of the 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles was measured with a Mastersizer 3000, and the encapsulation efficiency (EF) of 131I in 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles and the radioactivity of a single nanoparticle were determined. Then, the mouse tumor xenograft model was established, and the biodistribution and effect of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles on apoptosis of thyroid cance cells were investigated in vivo. Thereafter, the role of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles in cell viability using cell counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles in reducing cell viability was assessed using immunostaining, boyden invasion assays and phalloidin staining.ResultsOur results showed that the method of developing nanoparticles-encapsulated 131I using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and modified with rhTSH (131I-PLGA-rhTSH), was a feasible avenue for the integration of 131I and rhTSH. Meanwhile, the encapsulation efficiency (EF) of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles was approximately 60%, and the radioactivity of a single nanoparticle was about 1.1×10-2 Bq. Meanwhile, the 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles were selectively delivered into, gradually enriched and slowly downregulated in xenograft tumor after the administration of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles through tail vein in mouse tumor xenograft model. Thereafter, the tumor weight was significantly reduced after the administration of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles. Subsequently, the application of 131I-PLGA-rhTSH nanoparticles facilitated apoptosis and attenuated immobilization via inhibiting F-actin assembling of FTC-133 cells.ConclusionThe present study develops a suitable approach integrating 131I and rhTSH, and this strategy is a feasible regimen enhancing the effect of radioiodine ablation for the treatment of thyroid cancer
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