How to maximize the therapeutic effect of exosomes on skin wounds in diabetes mellitus: Review and discussion

Chronic skin wound healing, especially in diabetes mellitus, is still unsolved. Although many efforts have been made to treat diabetic skin wounds, current strategies have achieved limited effectiveness. Nowadays, a great number of studies have shown that exosomes might be a promising approach for treating diabetic wounds. Many studies and reviews have focused on investigating and discussing the effectiveness and mechanism of exosomes. However, maximizing its value in treating skin wounds in diabetes mellitus requires further consideration. In this review, we reviewed and discussed the aspects that could be further improved in this process, including finding a better source of exosomes, engineering exosomes, adjusting dosage and frequency, and combining more efficient delivery methods. This review provided an overview and idea of what we can do to improve the therapeutic effect of exosomes on skin wounds in diabetes mellitus. Only by combining all the factors that affect the effectiveness of exosomes in diabetic wound healing can we further promote their clinical usefulness

Bis{(E)-2-[1-(eth­oxy­imino)­eth­yl]-1-naphtho­lato-κ2 N,O 1}copper(II)

In the title complex, [Cu(C14H14NO2)2], the discrete complex mol­ecules have crystallographic inversion symmetry. The slightly distorted square-planar coordination sphere of the CuII atom comprises two phenolate O atoms and two oxime N atoms from two bidentate–chelate 2-[1-(eth­oxy­imino)­eth­yl]-1-naphtho­late O-ethyl oxime (L −) ligands [Cu—O = 1.8919 (17) Å and Cu—N = 1.988 (2) Å]. The two naphthalene ring systems in the mol­ecule are parallel, with a perpendicular inter­planar spacing of 1.473 (2) Å, while each complex unit forms links to four other mol­ecules via inter­molecular methyl C—H⋯π inter­actions, giving an infinite cross-linked layered supra­molecular structur

1-(4-{[(E)-3-Eth­oxy-2-hy­droxy­benzyl­idene]amino}­phen­yl)ethanone oxime

In the title compound, C17H18N2O3, the benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 3.34 (2)°. There is a strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds (which induces planarity of the structure). In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by pairs of O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers

Antimicrobial Potential of Genes from Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.)

With the advancements in agriculture, farming community less or more started to rely on synthetic chemicals to increase the crop production and protection. But the negative impact of these chemicals on environment and cropping system urges the scientists to discover some new ways to combat with crop disease. By keeping in view, garlic is a well-known economically important vegetable throughout the world and recognized as reservoir for a number of bioactive compounds to treat various diseases; scientists have developed a strategy to identify and isolate antimicrobial genes from garlic. By using B. subtilis expression systems, a total of 48 antimicrobial genes, including AsR 416, were identified with the potential to significantly retard the growth of economically important fungal and bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, these antimicrobial genes exhibited the thermal stability along with nontoxic effects on mammalian blood cells, which indicate its potential use in the development of human medicines. These genes can revolutionize the way to treat with pathogens and also give a new wave of knowledge to explore the other organisms for the search of antimicrobial genes. This will also help to search the other cost-effective ways for the treatment of plant and human diseases