A simple and natural interpretations of the DAMPE cosmic-ray electron/positron spectrum within two sigma deviations

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) experiment has recently announced the first results for the measurement of total electron plus positron fluxes between 25 GeV and 4.6 TeV. A spectral break at about 0.9 TeV and a tentative peak excess around 1.4 TeV have been found. However, it is very difficult to reproduce both the peak signal and the smooth background including spectral break simultaneously. We point out that the numbers of events in the two energy ranges (bins) close to the 1.4 TeV excess have $1\sigma$ deficits. With the basic physics principles such as simplicity and naturalness, we consider the $-2\sigma$, $+2\sigma$, and $-1\sigma$ deviations due to statistical fluctuations for the 1229.3~GeV bin, 1411.4~GeV bin, and 1620.5~GeV bin. Interestingly, we show that all the DAMPE data can be explained consistently via both the continuous distributed pulsar and dark matter interpretations, which have $\chi^{2} \simeq 17.2$ and $\chi^{2} \simeq 13.9$ (for all the 38 points in DAMPE electron/positron spectrum with 3 of them revised), respectively. These results are different from the previous analyses by neglecting the 1.4 TeV excess. At the same time, we do a similar global fitting on the newly released CALET lepton data, which could also be interpreted by such configurations. Moreover, we present a $U(1)_D$ dark matter model with Breit-Wigner mechanism, which can provide the proper dark matter annihilation cross section and escape the CMB constraint. Furthermore, we suggest a few ways to test our proposal.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables. Figures and Bibs update

An Interpretation of the Paratexts of Three Kingdoms Translated by Moss Roberts

Paratext is an inseparable part of translation. It can reveal what the translated text cannot explain and is of great significance to translation studies. This article uses the English translation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms by American Sinologist Moss Roberts as the research object, and attempts to interpret Roberts’ translation views and translation promotional factors through peritext, such as the cover, acknowledgments, annotations and postscripts, and epitext, such as interviews, reviews and other external paratexts. It is found that Roberts’ translation motivation of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is mainly to spread Chinese culture by literature. He always keeps readers in his heart and has a strong reader consciousness. Therefore, he mainly adopts domestication strategies and uses a lot of annotations to make the readers better understand the meaning and Chinese culture. Secondly, the author found that the translator’s own erudite and rigorous attitude, the cooperation of Chinese and foreign publishing houses, and the evaluation of well-known sinologists all promoted the spread and acceptance of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. This study interprets Roberts’ translation view and the promotional factors of the translation from the paratext, hoping to help comprehensively and objectively evaluate the value of Roberts’ translation, and at the same time promote the in-depth and development of translation studies from the perspective of the paratext

The Interaction Of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (tsh), Insulin-like Growth Factors (igfs), And Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (igfpbs) In The Regulation Of The Synthesis And Secretion Of Thyroid Hormones By Cultured Sheep Thyroid Cells

Thyroid growth and function are regulated by TSH in synergy with other hormones, growth factors, and neurotransmitters. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which have insulin-like effects on metabolism and regulate cell growth and function, are synthesized and secreted by thyroid cells. IGFs are associated with their specific binding proteins (IGFBPs), which not only carry and store IGFs in body fluids but also modulate the biological function of IGFs. Previous studies found that both IGFs and IGFBPs participated in the regulation of the growth of thyroid cells.;This study has further examined the biological function of IGFs and IGFBPs in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, using cultured sheep thyroid cells as an in vitro model. Both IGF-I and -II and IGFBPs were secreted by sheep thyroid cells. The release of IGFBP-2 and -5 was confirmed using Western blot analysis, while the release of IGFBP-3 was confirmed by physico-chemical criteria. IGF-I and -II potentiated the stimulatory effect of TSH on the synthesis and secretion of T{dollar}\sb4{dollar} and T{dollar}\sb3,{dollar} whereas this synergism of TSH with IGFs was inhibited by the addition of purified IGFBP-2. TSH did not significantly alter the secretion of IGF-I and -II, but significantly inhibited the secretion of IGFBPs. The inhibitory effect of TSH on IGFBP release was further enhanced by a combination of TSH, hydrocortisone, and insulin. Therefore, the synergistic effect of TSH with IGFs on the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones could be modulated by IGFBP presence under the control of TSH and other hormones. Furthermore, the secretion of IGFBPs was not altered when iodine uptake and organification was inhibited by supra-physiological concentrations of iodide, which inactivated TSH-dependent adenylate cyclase. The synthesis and secretion of IGFBPs were increased when the intracellular protein kinase C was activated. TSH inhibited the secretion of IGFBPs and inactivated protein kinase C, but simultaneously activated intracellular adenosine cyclase, which mediated the stimulation of the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. Taken together, these results indicate that the interaction of TSH, IGFs, and IGFBPs contributes to the regulation of thyroid function