7,442 research outputs found
Entanglement dynamics of two-qubit system in different types of noisy channels
In this paper, we study entanglement dynamics of a two-qubit extended
Werner-like state locally interacting with independent noisy channels, i.e.,
amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarizing channels. We show that the
purity of initial entangled state has direct impacts on the entanglement
robustness in each noisy channel. That is, if the initial entangled state is
prepared in mixed instead of pure form, the state may exhibit entanglement
sudden death (ESD) and/or be decreased for the critical probability at which
the entanglement disappear.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Cpt-Cgmp Is A New Ligand Of Epithelial Sodium Channels
Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are localized at the apical membrane of the epithelium, and are responsible for salt and fluid reabsorption. Renal ENaC takes up salt, thereby controlling salt content in serum. Loss-of-function ENaC mutations lead to low blood pressure due to salt-wasting, while gain-of-function mutations cause impaired sodium excretion and subsequent hypertension as well as hypokalemia. ENaC activity is regulated by intracellular and extracellular signals, including hormones, neurotransmitters, protein kinases, and small compounds. Cyclic nucleotides are broadly involved in stimulating protein kinase A and protein kinase G signaling pathways, and, surprisingly, also appear to have a role in regulating ENaC. Increasing evidence suggests that the cGMP analog, CPT-cGMP, activates αβγ-ENaC activity reversibly through an extracellular pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the parachlorophenylthio moiety and ribose 2’-hydroxy group of CPT-cGMP are essential for facilitating the opening of ENaC channels by this compound. Serving as an extracellular ligand, CPT-cGMP eliminates sodium self-inhibition, which is a novel mechanism for stimulating salt reabsorption in parallel to the traditional NO/cGMP/PKG signal pathway. In conclusion, ENaC may be a druggable target for CPT-cGMP, leading to treatments for kidney malfunctions in salt reabsorption
Development of 30 Novel Polymorphic Expressed Sequence Tags (EST)-Derived Microsatellite Markers for the Miiuy Croaker, Miichthys miiuy
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) can be used to identify microsatellite markers. We developed 30 polymorphic microsatellite markers from 5053 ESTs of the Miichthys miiuy. Out of 123 EST derived microsatellites for which PCR primers were designed, 30 loci were polymorphic in 30 individuals from a single natural population with 2–13 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities were from 0.1024 to 0.7917 and from 0.2732 to 0.8845, respectively. Nine loci deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and linkage disequilibrium was significant between 22 pairs of loci. These polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful for genetic diversity analysis and molecule-assisted breeding for M. miiuy
Galaxy Optical Variability of Virgo Cluster: New Tracer for Environmental Influences on Galaxies
We investigate the relationship between the optical variability of galaxies
and their distances from the centre of the Virgo Cluster using Palomar
Transient Factory data. We define the ratio between the standard deviation of
the galaxy brightness and the mean value of the standard deviation as a measure
of a galaxy's optical variability. A sample of 814 Virgo galaxies with 230263
observations shows a monotonically decreasing trend of optical variability with
increasing clustercentric distance. The variability level inside the cluster is
3.2 higher than the level outside. We fit the variability with a linear
function and find that the data reject a distance-independent model. We examine
217 background galaxies for comparison and find no significant trend in galaxy
variability. We assess the relation with Monte Carlo simulation by rebuilding
the brightness of each galaxy. The simulation shows a monotonically decreasing
relation for member galaxy variability and a distance-independent relation for
background galaxies. Our result is consistent with the theory that the cold gas
flowing inwards the cluster centre fuels AGN activity. This work is a new
implementation of the method using optical variability to investigate the
relation between galaxies evolution and their environment.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, in Press (accepted by MNRAS Letters
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