Tris(piperazinediium) phosphatododeca­molybo(V,VI)phosphate

The title compound, (C4H12N2)3[PMo12O40] or (H2pip)3[PMo12O40] (pip is piperazine), was prepared under hydro­thermal conditions. The asymmetric unit contains one-sixth of a mixed-valent Mo(V,VI) pseudo-Keggin-type [PMo12O40]6− anion and half a piperazinediium cation, (H2pip)2+. The discrete Keggin-type [PMo12O40]6- anion has site symmetry and the three (H2pip)2+ cations each have site symmetry at the centres of the mol­ecules. The central P atom is on special position , which is a roto-inversion position and generates the disorder of the PO4 tetra­hedron. Furthermore, six doubly bridging oxide groups are also disordered with an occupancy factor of 0.5 for each O atom. The anions and cations are linked by an extensive network of inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Interaction between Thalamus and Hippocampus in Termination of Amygdala-Kindled Seizures in Mice

The thalamus and hippocampus have been found both involved in the initiation, propagation, and termination of temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the interaction of these regions during seizures is not clear. The present study is to explore whether some regular patterns exist in their interaction during the termination of seizures. Multichannel in vivo recording techniques were used to record the neural activities from the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) of hippocampus and mediodorsal thalamus (MDT) in mice. The mice were kindled by electrically stimulating basolateral amygdala neurons, and Racine’s rank standard was employed to classify the stage of behavioral responses (stage 1~5). The coupling index and directionality index were used to investigate the synchronization and information flow direction between CA1 and MDT. Two main results were found in this study. (1) High levels of synchronization between the thalamus and hippocampus were observed before the termination of seizures at stage 4~5 but after the termination of seizures at stage 1~2. (2) In the end of seizures at stage 4~5, the information tended to flow from MDT to CA1. Those results indicate that the synchronization and information flow direction between the thalamus and the hippocampus may participate in the termination of seizures

TMRT observations of 26 pulsars at 8.6 GHz

Integrated pulse profiles at 8.6~GHz obtained with the Shanghai Tian Ma Radio Telescope (TMRT) are presented for a sample of 26 pulsars. Mean flux densities and pulse width parameters of these pulsars are estimated. For eleven pulsars these are the first high-frequency observations and for a further four, our observations have a better signal-to-noise ratio than previous observations. For one (PSR J0742-2822) the 8.6~GHz profiles differs from previously observed profiles. A comparison of 19 profiles with those at other frequencies shows that in nine cases the separation between the outmost leading and trailing components decreases with frequency, roughly in agreement with radius-to-frequency mapping, whereas in the other ten the separation is nearly constant. Different spectral indices of profile components lead to the variation of integrated pulse profile shapes with frequency. In seven pulsars with multi-component profiles, the spectral indices of the central components are steeper than those of the outer components. For the 12 pulsars with multi-component profiles in the high-frequency sample, we estimate the core width using gaussian fitting and discuss the width-period relationship.Comment: 33 pages, 49 figures, 5 Tables; accepted by Ap

Construction of lncRNA and mRNA co-expression network associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a type of head and neck cancer with a high incidence in men. In the past decades, the survival rate of NPC has remained around 70%, but it often leads to treatment failure due to its distant metastasis or recurrence. The lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network has not been fully elucidated. We downloaded the NPC-related gene expression datasets GSE53819 and GSE12452 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database; GSE53819 included 18 NPC tissues and 18 normal tissues, and GSE12452 included 31 NPC tissues and 10 normal tissues. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed on mRNA and lncRNA to screen out modules that were highly correlated with tumor progression. The two datasets were subjected to differential analysis after removing batch effects, and then Venn diagrams were used to screen for overlapping genes in the module genes and differential genes. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was then constructed, and key mRNAs were identified by MCODE analysis and expression analysis. GSEA analysis and qRT-PCR were performed on key mRNAs. Through a series of analyses, we speculated that BTK, CD72, PTPN6, and VAV1 may be independent predictors of the prognosis of NPC patients.Taken together, our study provides potential candidate biomarkers for NPC diagnosis, prognosis, or precise treatment

Bis(3,5-dimethyl­pyrazole)[N-salicyl­idene-β-alaninato(2–)]copper(II) dihydrate

In the title compound, [Cu(C10H10NO3)(C5H8N2)2]·2H2O, the CuII atom is coordinated by three N atoms and two O atoms in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Role of the IgM Fc Receptor in Immunity and Tolerance

Immunoglobulin (Ig) M is the first antibody isotype to appear during evolution, ontogeny and immune responses. IgM not only serves as the first line of host defense against infections but also plays an important role in immune regulation and immunological tolerance. For many years, IgM is thought to function by binding to antigen and activating complement system. With the discovery of the IgM Fc receptor (FcμR), it is now clear that IgM can also elicit its function through FcμR. In this review, we will describe the molecular characteristics of FcμR, its role in B cell development, maturation and activation, humoral immune responses, host defense, and immunological tolerance. We will also discuss the functional relationship between IgM-complement and IgM-FcμR pathways in regulating immunity and tolerance. Finally, we will discuss the potential involvement of FcμR in human diseases