Association of sleep duration and sleep quality with the risk of metabolic syndrome in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: The association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial, and few have considered the effects of sleep quality. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the relationship of sleep duration and sleep quality with the risk of MetS. Material and methods: We conducted a systematic and comprehensive literature search of electronic databases from inception to 17 February 2022. The effect sizes of covariates from each study were pooled using a random or fixed model, and a restricted cubic spline random-effects meta-analysis was performed to examine the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and MetS. Results: A total of 62 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to normal sleep duration, short sleep duration [odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.19] and long sleep duration (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23) were associated with an increased risk of MetS. The restricted cubic spline analysis indicated that sleep durations of 8.5 h (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97) and 11 h (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.31–1.91) were significantly associated with the risk of MetS. The pooled results showed that poor sleep quality (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03–2.06) and sleep complaints had significant positive associations with MetS. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that short sleep duration increased the risk of developing MetS. Long sleep duration was also associated with MetS, especially for 11 h. 8.5 h can be considered the recommended sleep duration for MetS. Poor sleep quality and sleep complaints were also associated with MetS

Association of multiple anthropometric indices with in 944,760 elderly Chinese people

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to update the latest data on the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in the elderly Chinese population and to assess relationships between new anthropometric indices and HTN. METHODS Data were obtained from the Basic Public Health Service (BPHS) survey for Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 944,760 people aged 65 years and older were included in this study. Blood pressure was measured by trained investigators. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (COI), body roundness index (BRI), and a body shape index (ABSI) were included in the analysis as anthropometric indices. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association of anthropometric indices with HTN. RESULTS The prevalence of HTN among elderly residents of Jiangsu Province was 64.7% (95% confidence interval, 64.6 to 64.8). After adjusting for multiple covariates, all anthropometric indices except ABSI showed significant non-linear positive dose-response associations with HTN across sex (pnonlinear<0.001). Among participants with BMI <28 kg/m2, abnormal weight, WC, WtHR, BRI, COI, and ABSI were positively associated with HTN. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HTN in the elderly in Jiangsu Province is gradually increasing. It is necessary to consider the combination of ABSI and COI with BMI for screening elderly individuals for HTN in follow-up prospective studies