A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PREVALENCE AMONG THE INDIAN RURAL POPULACE IN BIHAR.

Background: Diabetes is difficult to manage in resource-poor countries like India, where many people are diagnosed late and have complications. This study seeks to increase diabetes research in rural India. The main goal of this study is to ascertain the incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among rural populations in Bihar, India, who are 25 years of age and older. Methods: During the study, health camps were held and went door-to-door to determine rural diabetes prevalence. Fasting capillary blood glucose was tested with a glucose meter. All adults then consumed 75 g of glucose dissolved in 200 milliliters of water in five minutes. Two hours after intake, post-load capillary blood glucose was measured. Diabetes was confirmed by collecting blood samples in a fluorine vacutainer, with fasting plasma glucose levels ≥126 mg/dl and/or 2-hour postprandial glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl as diagnostic criteria. Results: According to the survey, 7.03% of rural residents had Type 2 diabetes; females had a greater prevalence of the disease (56%) than males (44%). Diabetes affected 28% of participants over the age of 70, compared to 11% of those in the 25–39 age range. Furthermore, 34.77% of diabetics were newly diagnosed cases, while 8.04% of participants had a prediabetic diagnosis. Conclusions: This study shows an elevated incidence of Type 2 diabetes in rural Bihar, India. Rural areas need comprehensive early diagnosis, care, and diabetes prevention education to meet this growing health burden. Recommendation: Early detection, management, and preventative education are crucial in rural western Uttar Pradesh, where Type 2 diabetes is common. Community-based awareness initiatives and accessible healthcare can lessen diabetes complications in the region

Reduction of OH- ions in tellurite glasses using chlorine and oxygen gases

Absorption losses in tellurite glasses due to OH- ions were reduced by melting the glasses under a reactive atmosphere of Cl2 + O2 gas. Incorporation of dry Cl2 + O2 gas has a major influence on the reduction of OH- species, which is found to be consistent with thermochemical data. Absorption loss due to OH- ions in bulk glasses prepared from the as-received raw materials and processed under a reactive atmosphere was 1000 and 60 dB/m, respectively. Gaussian fits have been used to identify the different species of OH- attached to the structural units present in the glass. All of the OH- species (free and bonded to Te), units can be reduced by melting the starting raw materials in a reactive atmosphere of Cl2 + O2. The net reduction in OH- absorbance at 3.2 Âm was 1.1 cm-1, which is equivalent to 500 ppm. OH- reduction in tellurite glasses using O2 gas bubbling shows a reduction in the fundamental absorption band from 1.8 to 0.57 cm-1 after 75 min

The role of complement in ocular pathology

Functionally active complement system and complement regulatory proteins are present in the normal human and rodent eye. Complement activation and its regulation by ocular complement regulatory proteins contribute to the pathology of various ocular diseases including keratitis, uveitis and age-related macular degeneration. Furthermore, a strong relationship between age-related macular degeneration and polymorphism in the genes of certain complement components/complement regulatory proteins is now well established. Recombinant forms of the naturally occurring complement regulatory proteins have been exploited in the animal models for treatment of these ocular diseases. It is hoped that in the future recombinant complement regulatory proteins will be used as novel therapeutic agents in the clinic for the treatment of keratitis, uveitis, and age-related macular degeneration

USING BEDSIDE SCREENING TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATION OF PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY.

Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy is frequently observed in patients with diabetes mellitus who have persistently high blood sugar levels. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can cause symptoms such as loss of feeling, numbness, or even very upsetting experiences. Significant neuropathic deficits may exist in certain circumstances yet remain undetected. Thus, this research aims to evaluate diabetes mellitus patients to promote early peripheral neuropathy screening. Methodology: This study included 110 diabetes mellitus patients who visited the Darbhanga Medical College within 2022-2023. A diabetes symptom and examination questionnaire, the tuning fork test, the biothesiometer, the monofilament test, and other bedside screening methods are used in the evaluation. Results: The results show that people with poor management of their diabetes (51%), after those with fair control (31%) and good control (18%), are most likely to develop diabetic neuropathy. Notably, there is a correlation between blood sugar levels and the severity of peripheral neuropathy. Considering how common diabetic peripheral neuropathy is, it is clear that these individuals' morbidity is still significant. Conclusion: A major adverse effect of diabetes is diabetic peripheral neuropathy. New treatments like tricyclic anti-depressants or anti-convulsant and proper glycemic control can improve results for these individuals, thus early identification and management are crucial. Initial detection of DPN is crucial for foot ulcer prevention. These folks need extensive preventive treatment and education. Recommendations: The study suggests that diabetics, especially those with poorly managed blood sugar, should be screened for peripheral neuropathy often. Early detection of neuropathic impairments should prompt therapy and actions to reduce foot ulcer risk. Optimizing glycemic management as part of diabetes patients' regular therapy can lower peripheral neuropathy severity and incidence. To reduce diabetic peripheral neuropathy, patient education should emphasize self-monitoring and foot care

Suppression of complement activation by recombinant Crry inhibits experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU)

This study was initiated to explore the effect of recombinant rat Crry linked to the Fc portion of rat IgG2a (Crry-Ig) on the induction of experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) and on established disease. EAAU was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with bovine melanin-associated antigen (MAA). MAA sensitized animals received Crry-Ig, rat IgG2a (isotype control) or PBS separately before the onset of EAAU or after the onset of clinical disease. Administration of Crry-Ig suppressed the induction of EAAU while all animals injected with IgG2a or PBS developed the normal course of EAAU. Treatment with Crry-Ig resulted in the suppression of ocular complement activation as well as the functional activity of complement in the peripheral blood. At the peak of EAAU, levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, ICAM-1 and LECAM-1 were significantly reduced within the eyes of Crry-Ig treated Lewis rats. Importantly, administration of Crry-Ig even after the onset of EAAU resulted in a sharp decline in the disease activity and early resolution of EAAU. Collectively, the evidence presented here demonstrate that inhibition of complement by Crry-Ig results in low levels of inflammatory molecules-C3 activation products, MAC, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the eye. Down-regulation of these molecules affects the infiltration and recruitment of inflammatory cells to the eye resulting in the inhibition of EAAU