Sexual dysfunctions in diabetes during menopause and andropause

Jednym z najistotniejszych czynników powodujących zaburzenia seksualne, nasilające się szczególnie w okresie przekwitania, zarówno u mężczyzn, jak i u kobiet, jest cukrzyca. Jest to choroba przewlekła, która wpływa na wszystkie aspekty ludzkiej seksualności u obu płci — ten negatywny wpływ nasila się wraz z wiekiem. U mężczyzn chorych na cukrzycę prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia problemów z erekcją jest 3-krotnie większe w porównaniu z mężczyznami nieobciążonymi tą chorobą, co nasila się szczególnie w okresie przekwitania. U kobiet cukrzyca przyczynia się do uporczywego świądu sromu, zwiększenia tendencji do stanów zapalnych, co w okresie przekwitania współistnieje z atrofią błony śluzowej pochwy — bardzo często u tych pacjentek występuje dyspareunia.Diabetes is one of the most significant underlying causes of sexual dysfunctions which tend to increase with age, especially during the climacteric and menopausal period, both in men and women, respectively. It is a chronic condition that affects all aspects of sexuality in both sexes. The risk of erection problems is three times higher among men with diabetes as compared to non-diabetic males, especially during the climacteric period. In women, diabetes can lead to persistent vulvar itching, increased predisposition to inflammatory conditions, accompanied by vaginal atrophy typically occurring during the menopause, which makes dyspareunia particularly common among diabetic postmenopausal women

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Meeting Abstracts: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo Clearwater Beach, FL, USA. 9-11 June 201

The impact of physical activity during pregnancy on maternal weight and obstetric outcomes

Objectives: The goal of the paper was to compare weight gain in pregnant women in relation to the week of gestation at birth, the delivery method, and the occurrence of macrosomia and low birth weights for patients with different durations of physical activity during pregnancy. Materials and methods: The full course of study was completed by 57 pregnant women enrolled in an 18-week physical activity programme during their second and third trimesters. The actual duration of their physical activity was monitored with the ActiGraph GT3X monitor. The patients were divided into two groups: L_MPA (n = 28) — pregnant women with daily physical activity of over 21.38 minutes and S_MPA (n = 29) — pregnant women who exercised less than 21.38 minutes a day. The study compared obstetric results in both groups. Results: Significantly more patients in the S_MPA group exhibited excess weight gain as compared with the L_MPA group (p = 0.01). There was found to be no significant impact from the duration of physical activity on the occurrence of macrosomia or low birth weight, the gestation age at birth or the delivery method. However, there were two times fewer cases of macrosomia in the L_MPA group. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that physical activity during pregnancy for at least 21 minutes per day in the second half of the pregnancy reduces the risk of excess weight gain during pregnancy.

Czy suplementacja argininą jest skuteczną metodą wspomagania zdolności wysiłkowych w sporcie?

Arginina jest aminokwasem względnie egzogennym, uczestniczącym w procesach biosyntezy białka, regulacji działania śródbłonka naczyniowego i detoksykacji organizmu. Znaczenie odpowiedniego spożycia argininy wzrasta w stanach fizjologicznych, związanych z chorobą, urazem lub znacznym obciążeniem organizmu. Z powodu potencjalnie ergogenicznego wpływu podaży argininy, poprzez stymulację syntezy tlenku azotu, hormonu wzrostu i kreatyny, jest ona często suplementowana przez sportowców. W przeciwieństwie do wielu badań klinicznych, z udziałem m.in. rekonwalescentów i osób z chorobami układu krążenia, wykazujących związek podaży argininy ze wzrostem wydolności fizycznej oraz korzystną regulacją parametrów endokrynologicznych, u wysoko wytrenowanych, zdrowych sportowców uzyskiwane wyniki są niejednoznaczne. Często dowodzą one braku wpływu preparatów argininy na moc, siłę i masę mięśniową, maksymalny pobór tlenu oraz stężenie hormonu wzrostu i tlenku azotu. W tej sytuacji uzasadniona jest konieczność prowadzenia dalszych badań nad celowością zwiększania podaży argininy u sportowców wybranych dyscyplin, jednakże w badaniach tych muszą być zachowane odpowiednie procedury, uwzględniające badania krzyżowe z podwójnie ślepą próbą

The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on physical capacity, body composition and the value of biochemical parameters in highly-trained combat sports athletes. Forty-two males highly-trained in combat sports were subjected to 12 weeks of supplementation with HMB and a placebo in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind crossover manner. Over the course of the experiment, aerobic and anaerobic capacity was determined, while analyses were conducted on body composition and levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, testosterone, cortisol and lactate. Following HMB supplementation, fat-free mass increased (p = 0.049) with a simultaneous reduction of fat mass (p = 0.016) in comparison to placebo. In turn, after HMB supplementation, the following indicators increased significantly in comparison to the placebo: the time to reach ventilatory threshold (p < 0.0001), threshold load (p = 0.017) and the threshold HR (p < 0.0001), as well as anaerobic peak power (p = 0.005), average power (p = 0.029), maximum speed (p < 0.001) and post-exercise lactate concentrations (p < 0.0001). However, when compared to the placebo, no differences were observed in blood marker levels. The results indicate that supplying HMB promotes advantageous changes in body composition and stimulates an increase in aerobic and anaerobic capacity in combat sports athletes

Ocena częstotliwości spożycia produktów, potraw i napojów o wysokiej wartości energetycznej przez młodzież szkolną o różnym poziomie aktywności fizycznej

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of consumption of high energy products, dishes and drinks among high school students with different level of physical activity. The investigated population included 592 students at the age of 18.2 ± 0.03 y (girls DZ = 294, boys CH = 298) with different level of physical activity [adequate physical activity WAF (n = 352), inadequate physical activity NAF (n = 240)]. Dietary intake data was obtained using a Food Frequency Questionnaire FFQ, and physical activity was assessed by the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ. BMI and skinfold thickness was also measured. The results showed that boys and students with inadequate physical activity significantly more often consume most of the products which lead to overweight and obesity. Moreover, it was found that the higher the level of physical activity, the higher was the consumption of sweet drinks. The frequency of consumption of juice, sweets drinks and energy drinks positively correlated with BMI and skinfold thickness. The findings of this study showed that the level of physical activity is a significant factor affecting dietary habits of students. It was also shown that excessive consumption of energy drinks could be one of the main reason of overweight and obesity

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese individuals: systematic review with meta-analysis

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose and insulin metabolism in overweight and obese subjects. The search process was based on the selection of publications listed in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase and the Cochrane library that met the inclusion criteria. Twelve randomized controlled trials were included. The analysed population consisted of 1181 individuals with BMIs >23 kg/m2. Changes in the concentration of 25(OH)D, fasting glucose, insulin and the HOMA-IR index were assessed. In the meta-regression analysis, a restricted maximum likelihood method was applied. To combine individual study results, a meta-analysis was performed. Vitamin D supplementation did not have an effect on glucose concentrations, insulin level and HOMA-IR values when the supplemented dose, time of supplementation and baseline of 25(OH)D concentration were taken under consideration in subgroup-analysis. This meta-analysis provides evidence that vitamin D supplementation has no significant effect on glucose and insulin metabolism in overweight and obese individuals