Different trajectories of exosomatic energy metabolism for Brazil, Chile and Venezuela: using the MSIASM approach

Economic development goes hand in hand with an increase in the consumption of natural resources. Some analysts use material flows to describe such relationship [Eurostat 2001, Weisz et al., 2006], or exergy [Ayres et al., 2003]. Instead this paper will use a characterisation of the exosomatic energy metabolism based on expected benchmark values to describe possible constraints to economic development posed by available human time and energy. The aim of the paper is to identify types of exosomatic energy metabolism of different societies to interpret its consequences for economic development. This is done with the application of the accounting methodology called Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal Metabolism (MSIASM) to the particular case of energy metabolism for the analysis of the economies of Brazil, Chile and Venezuela.Development, Energy, Social Metabolism, MSIASM, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela

Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MUSIASEM): An Outline of Rationale and Theory

This paper presents an outline of rationale and theory of the MuSIASEM scheme (Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism). First, three points of the rationale behind our MuSIASEM scheme are discussed: (i) endosomatic and exosomatic metabolism in relation to Georgescu-Roegen’s flow-fund scheme; (2) the bioeconomic analogy of hypercycle and dissipative parts in ecosystems; (3) the dramatic reallocation of human time and land use patterns in various sectors of modern economy. Next, a flow-fund representation of the MUSIASEM scheme on three levels (the whole national level, the paid work sectors level, and the agricultural sector level) is illustrated to look at the structure of the human economy in relation to two primary factors: (i) human time - a fund; and (ii) exosomatic energy - a flow. The three levels representation uses extensive and intensive variables simultaneously. Key conceptual tools of the MuSIASEM scheme - mosaic effects and impredicative loop analysis - are explained using the three level flow-fund representation. Finally, we claim that the MuSIASEM scheme can be seen as a multi-purpose grammar useful to deal with sustainability issues.Energy, Flow-Fund Model, Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis, Mosaic Effects, Impredicative Loop, Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism, Hierarchy, Multi-Purpose

More about lower bounds for the number of k-facets

In this paper we present two results dealing with the number of (• k)-facets of a set of points: •² In R2, we use the notion of ²-net to give structural properties of sets that achieve the optimal lower bound 3¡k+22 ¢ of (• k)-edges for a ¯xed 0 • k • bn=3c ¡ 1;² •In Rd, we show that for k < bn=(d + 1)c the number of (• k)-facets of a set of n points in general position is at least (d + 1)¡k+dd ¢, and that this bound is tight in that range

Matriz de diodos electroluminiscentes orgánicos emisores en el infrarrojo cercano (1.54 μm) basados en complejos de erbio fabricados por métodos de bajo coste

[EN]: Solution processed 1.54 μm near infrared organic light-emitting diodes (NIR-OLED) based on novel Er(III) complexes, having the general formula[Er(β-diketonate) 3 (N,Ndonor)], have been manufactured by cost-effective methods and their properties studied. 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione (Htfnb or Hnta) or 1,1,1-trifuoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedione (Htpm) are the fluorinated β-diketonate primary sensitizers, and 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) or 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline (5NO2phen) act as N,N-donors. The simple structure of the diodes is glass/indium-tin oxide (ITO)/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate)/[Er-complex]/Ca/Al. The resulting electroluminescence corresponds with the 4I13/2→4I15/2 Er(III) emission at 1.54 μm and no visible emission is observed. Photophysical characterization proves that, upon organic ligand excitation by UV light, the luminescence from the ligands is totally quenched in favour of 4I13/2→4I15/2 Er(III) emission, confirming a complete resonant energy transfer from the ligands to the Er(III) ion, analogous to that observed in the electroluminescence emission. We present a fabrication method that avoids any photolithographic or mask step. The reported results showa simple way to obtain large area NIR-OLEDs by cost-effective methods. © Sociedad Española de Óptica.[ES]: Se han fabricado y caracterizado diodos orgánicos emisores de luz en el infrarrojo cercano (NIR-OLED) procesados desde solución, basados en nuevos complejos de Erbio (III) con fórmula general [Er(β-d)3(N,N-donor)] utilizando métodos de bajo coste. Los ligandos primarios son β-dicetonatos fluorados 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naftil)-1,3-butanodiona (Htfnb o Hnta) o 1,1,1-trifluoro -5,5-dimetil-2,4-hexanodiona (Htpm) y los ligandos secundarios 2,2’-bipiridina (bipy) o 5-nitro-1,10-fenantrolina (5NO2phen) actúan como bases de Lewis. La estructura del diodo es vidrio/óxido indio-estaño (ITO)/poli (3,4-etilendioxitiofeno)-poli (estireno sulfonato)/complejo de Er(III)/Calcio/Aluminio. La electroluminiscencia resultante corresponde con la emisión de la transición 4I13/2→4I15/2 del Er(III) a 1.5 μm sin que se observe emisión alguna en el visible. La caracterización fotofísica muestra que, bajo excitación con luz UV, se produce un apagamiento de la emisión de los ligandos acompañado por una emisión en el NIR del Er(III) análoga a la obtenida por excitación eléctrica, confirmando de este modo la transferencia completa de energía desde los ligandos al ion Er(III). Presentamos un método de fabricación que evita cualquier paso fotolitográfico con máscara. Los resultados reportados muestran un camino sencillo para obtener diodos emisores de luz en el infrarrojo cercano utilizando métodos de bajo coste.P. Martín-Ramos thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education and Santander Universidades JPI_2013 for their financial support. Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid under projects S2009/MAT-1756 and S2009/ESP-1781. Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) under projects MAT2012-37276-C03-03 and TEC2011-13635-E are gratefully acknowledged by C. Coya. CEMDRX group is grateful to the Fundação para Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under grant PTDC/FIS/102284/2008. UVA group acknowledges financial support of Junta de Castilla y León through project VA300A12-1.Peer Reviewe

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of an alternating manganese chain

A new 1D complex has been prepared and characterized. X-ray single crystal structure confirms that the Mn(II) ions assemble in alternating chains with Mn-Mn distances of 3.8432(13) and 4.4428(14) Å. A 3D network of hydrogen bonds links the chains together. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility reveals that this compound undergoes a magnetic transition and exhibits an antiferromagnetic interaction in the low-temperature phase with two alternating exchange interactions of -2.32(1) and -5.55(1) cm-1.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WM2-4JKC5PW-3/1/57fbdb3ac410627d046c6e4fdf2f0e3

New results on lower bounds for the number of k-facets

In this paper we present three different results dealing with the number of (≤ k)- facets of a set of points: (i) We give structural properties of sets in the plane that achieve the optimal lower bound 3_k+2 2 _ of (≤ k)-edges for a fixed k ≤ [n/3 ]− 1; (ii) We show that the new lower bound 3((k+2) 2 ) + 3((k−(n/ 3)+2) 2 ) for the number of (≤ k)-edges of a planar point set is optimal in the range [n/3] ≤ k ≤ [5n/12] − 1; (iii) We show that for k < n/4 the number of (≤ k)-facets of a set of n points in R3 in general position is at least 4((k+3 )3 ), and that this bound is tight in that range

Aplicación de estrategias de aprendizaje para la adquisición de competencias profesionales y su evaluación mediante una rúbrica integradora en diversos títulos de grado de la Universidad de Málaga

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior ha supuesto importantes cambios en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para la adquisición de competencias transversales y específicas. La calidad es un factor estratégico, por lo que es necesario, por una parte, el diseño de estrategias por parte del docente para que el alumnado adquiera competencias profesionales, y por otra, la evaluación de la eficacia e incidencia de las distintas estrategias en el rendimiento académico del alumnado. En este trabajo se han desarrollado rúbricas que permiten evaluar el efecto de nuevas estrategias de aprendizaje para la adquisición de las siguientes competencias: razonamiento crítico y autocrítico, adquisición de conocimientos básicos y capacidad de aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos a casos prácticos, transmisión de información oral/escrita, y capacidad de trabajo en equipo. El estudio se ha desarrollado en ocho asignaturas de la Universidad de Málaga, de grados experimentales (varias ingenierías, biología, bioquímica, fisioterapia y psicología), y una asignatura de una disciplina más abstracta como son las matemáticas. Finalmente, el alumnado ha evaluado el alcance de estas estrategias en la adquisición de las competencias a través de una rúbrica (eRúbrica) común a todas las asignaturas, datos que han sido cotejados con el resultado final del examen.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station Ground Temperature Sensor: A Pyrometer for Measuring Ground Temperature on Mars

We describe the parameters that drive the design and modeling of the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) Ground Temperature Sensor (GTS), an instrument aboard NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory, and report preliminary test results. REMS GTS is a lightweight, low-power, and low cost pyrometer for measuring the Martian surface kinematic temperature. The sensor’s main feature is its innovative design, based on a simple mechanical structure with no moving parts. It includes an in-flight calibration system that permits sensor recalibration when sensor sensitivity has been degraded by deposition of dust over the optics. This paper provides the first results of a GTS engineering model working in a Martian-like, extreme environment

Co-occurrence of cohesin complex and Ras signaling mutations during progression from myelodysplastic syndromes to secondary acute myeloid leukemia

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematological disorders at high risk of progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). However, the mutational dynamics and clonal evolution underlying disease progression are poorly understood at present. To elucidate the mutational dynamics of pathways and genes occurring during the evolution to sAML, next generation sequencing was performed on 84 serially paired samples of MDS patients who developed sAML (discovery cohort) and 14 paired samples from MDS patients who did not progress to sAML during follow-up (control cohort). Results were validated in an independent series of 388 MDS patients (validation cohort). We used an integrative analysis to identify how mutations, alone or in combination, contribute to leukemic transformation. The study showed that MDS progression to sAML is characterized by greater genomic instability and the presence of several types of mutational dynamics, highlighting increasing (STAG2) and newly-acquired (NRAS and FLT3) mutations. Moreover, we observed cooperation between genes involved in the cohesin and Ras pathways in 15-20% of MDS patients who evolved to sAML, as well as a high proportion of newly acquired or increasing mutations in the chromatin-modifier genes in MDS patients receiving a disease-modifying therapy before their progression to sAML.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS PI18/01500, PI17/01741, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (Instituto de Salud Carlos III – Contratos Río Hortega (CM17/0017), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Una manera de hacer Europa, European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under Grant Agreement nº306242-NGS-PTL, SYNtherapy: Synthetic Lethality for Personalized Therapy-based Stratification in Acute Leukemia (ERAPERMED2018-275); ISCIII (AC18/00093), Proyectos de Investigación del SACYL, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León: GRS1850/A18, GRS1653/A17, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC CB16/12/00233). MMI is supported by a predoctoral grant from the Junta de Castilla y León, and by the Fondo Social Europeo (JCYL-EDU/556/2019 PhD scholarship) and JMHS is supported by a research grant from Fundación Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia

Biofouling Formation and Bacterial Community Structure in Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor-Membrane Bioreactors: Influence of Salinity Concentration

Two pilot-scale hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactors were operated in parallel for the treatment of salinity-amended urban wastewater under 6 hours of hydraulic retention time and 2500 mg L-1 total solids concentration. Two salinity conditions were tested: the constant salinity of 6.5 mS cm-1 electric conductivity (3.6 g L-1 NaCl) and the tidal-like variable salinity with maximum 6.5 mS cm-1 electric conductivity. An investigation was developed on the biofouling produced on the ultrafiltration membrane surface evaluating its bacterial community structure and its potential function in the fouling processes. The results showed that biofouling was clearly affected by salinity scenarios in terms of a-diversity and β-diversity and bacterial community structure, which confirms lower bacterial diversity under variable salinity conditions with Rhodanobacter and Dyella as dominant phylotypes. Microorganisms identified as bio-mineral formers belonged to genera Bacillus, Citrobacter, and Brevibacterium. These findings will be of help for the prevention and control of biofouling in saline wastewater treatment systems.The authors would like to acknowledge the support given by the Institute of Water Research, the Department of Civil Engineering, the Department of Microbiology and the Department of Mineralogy and Petrology with all from the University of Granada. Additionally, they would like to acknowledge the economic support given by the Government of Spain and the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity under the funding project CTM2013-48154-P and grant BES-2014-067852