Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Amnis. L'acqua dalla materialità alla parola. Ediz. italiana e inglese

Il presente volume nasce da una selezione dei contributi presentati al convegno AMNIS: L’acqua dalla materialità alla parola, organizzato tra il 1° e il 3 dicembre 2021 presso l’Università di Pisa. Lo scopo del convegno è stato quello di raccogliere ricerche connesse al tema dell’acqua nelle sue diverse declinazioni archeologiche e filologico-letterarie per instaurare un dialogo tra dottorandi, giovani ricercatori e studiosi esperti dell’argomento. La scelta di questo tema è stata dettata dall’ampia versatilità di quest’ultimo, che offre ampi spazi di riflessione e filoni di ricerca interdisciplinare.I lavori del convegno sono stati articolati in quattro sezioni, che sono state mantenute anche in sede di stesura degli atti

Alcune immagini legate all'acqua in Filone Alessandrino

The paper explores the most frequent metaphors, allegories, and figures of thought Philo of Alexandria associates with the biblical water. The investigation sheds light on strongly connotated meanings which Philo tends to relate with water, and which can be classified in ‘positive’, ‘negative’ and ‘neuter’. In images related to water the spheres both of corporeity and of spirituality are reflected. It is also put forward that in many cases the images are related to or share similarities with Philo’s conception of λόγος