repercussions over the life-cycle

We decompose permanent earnings risk into contributions from hours and wage shocks. To distinguish between hours shocks, modeled as innovations to the marginal disutility of work, and labor supply reactions to wage shocks we formulate a life-cycle model of consumption and labor supply. Both permanent wage and hours shocks are important to explain earnings risk, but wage shocks have greater relevance. Progressive taxation strongly attenuates cross-sectional earnings risk, its life-cycle insurance impact is much smaller. At the mean, a positive hours shock of one standard deviation raises life-time income by 10%, while a similar wage shock raises it by 12%

Flag Hardy spaces and Marcinkiewicz multipliers on the Heisenberg group: an expanded version

Marcinkiewicz multipliers are L^{p} bounded for 1<p<\infty on the Heisenberg group H^{n}\simeqC^{n}\timesR (D. Muller, F. Ricci and E. M. Stein) despite the lack of a two parameter group of automorphic dilations on H^{n}. This lack of dilations underlies the inability of classical one or two parameter Hardy space theory to handle Marcinkiewicz multipliers on H^{n} when 0<p\leq1. We address this deficiency by developing a theory of flag Hardy spaces H_{flag}^{p} on the Heisenberg group, 0<p\leq1, that is in a sense `intermediate' between the classical Hardy spaces H^{p} and the product Hardy spaces H_{product}^{p} on C^{n}\timesR. We show that flag singular integral operators, which include the aforementioned Marcinkiewicz multipliers, are bounded on H_{flag}^{p}, as well as from H_{flag}^{p} to L^{p}, for 0<p\leq1. We characterize the dual spaces of H_{flag}^{1} and H_{flag}^{p}, and establish a Calder\'on-Zygmund decomposition that yields standard interpolation theorems for the flag Hardy spaces H_{flag}^{p}. In particular, this recovers the L^{p} results by interpolating between those for H_{flag}^{p} and L^{2} (but regularity sharpness is lost).Comment: At 113 pages, this is an expanded version of the paper that includes much detai

Work Incentives and the Cost of Redistribution via Tax-transfer Reforms under Constrained Labor Supply

Using information on desired and actual hours of work, we formulate a discrete choice model of constrained labor supply. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel and the microsimulation model STSM, we find that hours and participation elasticities are substantially smaller than those in the conventional model. We evaluate two reforms for Germany. Both redistribute to the working poor. The first reform is financed through an increase in the effective marginal tax rate for welfare recipients, the second through an increase in taxes. The first reform is desirable with equal weights, the second if the social planner has substantial redistributive taste

KLASIFIKASI OTOMATIS PHOTO DESTINASI WISATA BERDASARKAN KOORDINAT GPS DENGAN METODE K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR

Foto menyimpan informasi yang disebut sebagai metadata. Informasi yang terdapat dalam metadata disebut sebagai EXIF data yaitu informasi seperti tanggal foto, nama perangkat, dimensi, resolusi dan latitude serta longitude. Data informasi tersebut berbeda – beda pada setiap foto. Dengan demikian penelitian ini menggunakan data informasi khusus EXIF tersebut yaitu berupa Latitude dan Longitude. Latitude dan Longitude tersebut dapat dipetakan menggunakan geomapping titik lokasi foto tersebut menjadi titik lokasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan klasifikasi lokasi foto yang tersimpan pada database. Metode klasifikasi yang digunakan adalah metode K-Nearest Neighbor untuk mengklasifikasi kategori dari informasi lokasi yang dimiliki oleh suatu data dan Informasi kategori ini merupakan label atau nama lokasi dari sebuah informasi data. Untuk melakukan hal tersebut dibuatlah sebuah aplikasi yang dapat melakukan hal tersebut menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor. Aplikasi akan membaca EXIF atau metadata dari suatu foto dan dilanjutkan dengan proses K-Nearest Neighbor. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah foto tempat wisata yang telah terklasifikasi berdasarkan objek wisata yang telah terdaftar pada database

Denervated Schwann cells attract macrophages by secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a process regulated by interleukin-6 and LIF

Injury to peripheral nerves results in the infiltration of immune cells, which remove axonal- and myelin-derived material. Schwann cells could play a key role in this process by regulating macrophage infiltration. We show here that medium conditioned by primary denervated Schwann cells or the Schwannoma cell line RN22 produces chemotactic activity for macrophages. The presence of blocking antibodies to macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) reduced this activity to similar to35 and 65% of control levels, respectively, and only 15% remained in the presence of both antibodies. The presence of chemotactic LIF in Schwann cell-conditioned medium was confirmed by using cells from lif-/- mice. Although interleukin-6 (IL-6) is not itself a chemotactic factor, we found that medium from il-6-/- nerves showed only 40% of the activity secreted by wild-type nerves. Furthermore, IL-6 rapidly induced LIF mRNA in primary Schwann cells, and LIF rapidly induced MCP-1 mRNA expression. Treatment of RN22 Schwannoma cells with IL-6 or LIF enhanced the secretion of the chemotactic activity of these cells.These observations show that Schwann cells attract macrophages by secreting MCP-1 and LIF. They also provide evidence for an autocrine-signaling cascade involving IL-6, LIF, and MCP-1, which amplifies the Schwann cell-derived chemotactic signals gradually, in agreement with the delayed entry of macrophages to injured nerves

Absorption spectroscopy of flames

Imperial Users onl