2 research outputs found
Must . . . stay . . . strong!
- Author
- Angelika Kratzer
- Anna. Papafragou
- Anthony S. Gillies
- Aviad Heifetz
- Chris. Barker
- Christopher Potts
- David. Lewis
- Eric McCready
- Eric. Swanson
- Ferdinand Haan de
- Immanuel Kant
- Jeroen A.G. Groenendijk
- Johan. Rooryck
- Johan. Rooryck
- John. Lyons
- Kai Fintel von
- Kai von Fintel
- Keith. DeRose
- Lisa Matthewson
- M. Blain Eleanor
- O. Hansson Sven
- Paul Grice
- Paul. Portner
- Ronald Fagin
- S. Gillies Anthony
- Thomas. Willett
- Tom. Werner
- Y. Aikhenvald Alexandra
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2010
- Field of study
This is the fourth installment in our trilogy of papers on epistemic modality.It is a recurring matra that epistemic must creates a statement that is weaker than the corresponding flat-footed assertion: It must be raining vs. It’s raining. Contrary to classic discussions of the phenomenon such as by Karttunen, Kratzer, and Veltman, we argue that instead of having a weak semantics, must presupposes the presence of an indirect inference or deduction rather than of a direct observation. This is independent of the strength of the claim being made. Epistemic must is therefore quite similar to evidential markers of indirect evidence known from languages with rich evidential systems. We work towards a formalization of the evidential component, relying on a structured model of information states (analogous to some models used in the belief dynamics literature). We explain why in many contexts, one can perceive a lack of confidence on the part of the speaker who uses must
Fracture fixation in the operative management of hip fractures (FAITH): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
- Author
- Aaron Nauth
- Aaron T. Creek
- Abby Zellar
- Abdel-Rahman Lawendy
- Adam Dowrick
- Ajay Gupta
- Akhil Dadi
- Albert van Kampen
- Albert Yee
- Alexander C. de Vries
- Alexander de Mol van Otterloo
- Alisha Garibaldi
- Allen Liew
- Allison W. McIntyre
- Amal Shankar Prasad
- Amanda W. Romero
- Amar Rangan
- Amber Oatt
- Amir Sanghavi
- Amy L. Foley
- Anders Karlsten
- Andrea Dolenc
- Andrew Bucknill
- Andrew Chia
- Andrew Evans
- Andrew Gong
- Andrew H. Schmidt
- Andrew J. Marcantonio
- Andrew Jennings
- Angela Ward
- Angshuman Khanna
- Anil Rai
- Anke B. Smits
- Annamarie D. Horan
- Anne Christine Brekke
- Annette Flynn
- Aravin Duraikannan
- Are Stødle
- Arie B. van Vugt
- Arlene Luther
- Arthur W. Zurcher
- Arvind Jain
- Asgeir Amundsen
- Ash Moaveni
- Ashley Carr
- Ateet Sharma
- Austin D. Hill
- Axel Trommer
- B. Sachidananda Rai
- Barbara Hileman
- Barnes
- Bart Schreurs
- Bart Verhoeven
- BartonĂcek
- Bellamy
- Benjamin B. Barden
- Benterud
- Bernhard Flatøy
- Berry I. Cleffken
- Berthe Bøe
- Bertrand Perey
- Bhandari
- Bhandari
- Birgit C. Hanusch
- Blair
- Brad Weening
- Bram Fioole
- Bram Rijbroek
- Brett D. Crist
- Brett Halliday
- Brett Peterson
- Brian Mullis
- Brodetti
- Brooks
- C. Glen Richardson
- Callum Clark
- Carlos A. Sagebien
- Carmen C. van der Pol
- Carol Bowler
- Castillo
- Catherine A. Humphrey
- Catherine Coady
- Cees L. Koppert
- Chad Coles
- Chadi Tannoury
- Charles J. DePaolo
- Chris Gayton
- Chris Herriott
- Christina Reeves
- Christina Tieszer
- Christine Dobb
- Christopher G. Anderson
- Claire Sage
- Claudine Cuento
- Clifford B. Jones
- Coks H.R. Bosman
- Colleen Linehan
- Collett
- Cor P. van der Hart
- Corey Henderson
- Courtland G. Lewis
- Craig A. Davis
- Craig Donohue
- Cyril Mauffrey
- D.C. Sundaresh
- Dana J. Farrell
- Daniel B. Whelan
- Daniel Horwitz
- Daniel Stinner
- Darius Viskontas
- Darren M. Roffey
- David Alexander
- David E. Karges
- David Hak
- David Johnston
- David Love
- David M. Wright
- David P. Zamorano
- David R. Goetz
- David Sanders
- David Stephen
- David Yen
- Davide Bardana
- Davy J Olakkengil
- Deanna Lawson
- Deborah Maddock
- Debra L. Sietsema
- Deeba Pourmand
- Deneka
- Dennis Den Hartog
- Derek Donegan
- Diane Heels-Ansdell
- Diane Nam
- Dominic Inman
- Dory Boyer
- Doug Li
- Douglas Gibula
- Dustin M. Price
- Dylan J. Watson
- E. Mark Hammerberg
- Edward T.C.H. Tan
- Eelco J.R. de Graaf
- Elise Berg Vesterhus
- Elizabeth Roper
- Elton Edwards
- Emil H. Schemitsch
- Eric R. Hammacher
- Eric R. Henderson
- Erica Whatley
- Erick T. Torres
- Erik G.J. Vermeulen
- Erin Finn
- Esther M.M. Van Lieshout
- Eugene K. Wai
- Evan R. Bannister
- Evelyn Kile
- Evert B.M. Theunissen
- Ewan D. Ritchie
- Farah Khan
- Farhad Moola
- Fiona Howells
- Frank de Nies
- Frank H.W.M. van der Heijden
- Frank R.A.J. de Meulemeester
- Frede Frihagen
- Fredrik Nilsen
- G. Ben Schmidt
- G.H. Robert Albers
- Garden
- Garland K. Gudger
- Garth Johnson
- Gary Gruen
- Gary Zohman
- Gaurav Sharma
- Gavin Wood
- Geert W.M. Tetteroo
- Geir Hjorthaug
- Geir Jomaas
- Geoff Donald
- Geoffrey Ryan Rieser
- Gerald Reardon
- Gerard P. Slobogean
- Gert R Roukema
- Gijs A. Visser
- Gilbert Moatshe
- Gillian Horner
- Glynis Rose
- Gordon Guyatt
- Graham Chuter
- Greg Etherington
- Gregory J. Della Rocca
- Gullberg
- Guri EkĂĄs
- Gwendolyn Dobbin
- H. Michael Lemke
- Hamish Curry
- Han Boxma
- Hannah Gissel
- Hans Kreder
- Hans Kuiken
- Hans L.F. Brom
- Hans-Christoph Pape
- Harm M van der Vis
- Harper
- Harvinder Bedi
- Heather A. Vallier
- Heather Brien
- Heather Silva
- Heike Newman
- Helena Viveiros
- Henk van der Hoeven
- Henry Ahn
- Herman Johal
- Herman Rijna
- Heyn Stockmann
- Hong A. Josaputra
- Hope Carlisle
- Hoshino
- Igor van der Brand
- Imro Dawson
- Ivan Tarkin
- Ivan Wong
- J. Andrew Parr
- J. Andrew Trenholm
- J. Carel Goslings
- J. David Amirault
- J. Scott Broderick
- Jaap P. Snellen
- Jacco A.C. Zijl
- Jaimo Ahn
- James Ficke
- James Irrgang
- James Powell
- James R. Ringler
- James Shaer
- James T. Monica
- Jan Biert
- Jan Bosma
- Jan Egil Brattgjerd
- Jan Paul M. Frölke
- Jan Wille
- Janakiraman Rajakumar
- Jane E. Walker
- Janell K. Baker
- Janos P. Ertl
- Jean Paul P.M. de Vries
- Jean W.M. Gardeniers
- Jedediah May
- Jeff Yach
- Jennifer T. Hidy
- Jerald R. Westberg
- Jeremy A. Hall
- Jeroen van Mulken
- Jessica Cooper McBeth
- Jochem Hoogendoorn
- Jodi M. Hoffman
- Joe Joseph Cherian
- John A. Tanksley
- John Clarke-Jenssen
- John D. Adams
- John Esterhai
- John F. Tilzey
- John Murnaghan
- John P. Ketz
- John S. Garfi
- John Schwappach
- John T. Gorczyca
- John Wyrick
- Jonas Rydinge
- Jonathan L. Foret
- Jonathan M. Gross
- Jonathan P. Keeve
- Joost Meijer
- Joris J.G. Scheepers
- Joseph Baele
- Joseph O'Neil
- Joseph R. Cass
- Joseph R. Hsu
- Jules Dumais
- Julia Lee
- Julie A. Switzer
- Julie Agel
- Justin E. Richards
- Justin W. Langan
- Kahn Turckan
- Kaili Pecorella
- Kamal Rai
- Kamran Aurang
- Karl Shively
- Karlijn van Wessem
- Karyn Moon
- Kate Eke
- Katie Erwin
- Katrine Milner
- Kees Jan Ponsen
- Kelli Mills
- Kelly Apostle
- Kelly Johnston
- Kelly Trask
- Kent Strohecker
- Kenya Stringfellow
- Kevin K. Kruse
- Kevin Tetsworth
- Khalis Mitchell
- Kieran Browner
- Kim Hemlock
- Kimberly Carcary
- Knut Jørgen Haug
- Krista Noble
- Kristin Robbins
- Krystal Payton
- Kuokkanen
- Kyle J. Jeray
- L. Joseph Rubino
- Lauren A. Nastoff
- Lauren C. Leffler
- Laurents P.S. Stassen
- Law
- Lawrence K. O'Malley
- Lawrence M. Specht
- Lehana Thabane
- Leo M.G. Geeraedts
- Leslie E. Shell
- Linda K. Anderson
- Linda S. Eickhoff
- Linde
- Lindsey Lyle
- Lindsey Pilling
- Lisa Buckingham
- Lisa K. Cannada
- Lisa M. Wild
- Liz Dulaney-Cripe
- Lodewijk M.S.J. Poelhekke
- Lonneke Govaert
- Lu Ton
- Lucksy Kottam
- Luke P.H. Leenen
- Lydia Clipper
- Lyle T. Jackson
- Lynne Hampton
- Maarten C. de Waal Malefijt
- Maarten P. Simons
- Maarten van der Elst
- Maarten W.G.A. Bronkhorst
- Madsen
- Mahesh Bhatia
- Marc Swiontkowski
- Margaret J. Lobo
- Marilyn Swinton
- Marinis Pirpiris
- Marius Molund
- Mark Gichuru
- Mark Glazebrook
- Mark Harrison
- Mark Jenkins
- Mark MacLeod
- Mark R. de Vries
- Mark S. Butler
- Markku Nousiainen
- Martijne van 't Riet
- Martin C. Tynan
- Martin Campo
- Martin G. Eversdijk
- Martin J. Heetveld
- Martin Richardson
- Mary Breslin
- Mary Fan
- Matt Edison
- Matthew Napierala
- Matthias Knobe
- Matthias Russ
- Mauri Zomar
- Maurits de Brauw
- Max Esser
- McHorney
- Meghan Hurley
- Melissa E. Peters
- Melissa Lorenzo
- Mengnai Li
- Michael Archdeacon
- Michael Biddulph
- Michael Charlton
- Michael D. McDonald
- Michael D. McKee
- Michael Dunbar
- Michael E. Torchia
- Michael Gross
- Michael Hewitt
- Michael Holt
- Michael J. Prayson
- Michael J.R. Edwards
- Michael L. Beckish
- Michael L. Brennan
- Michael P. Dohm
- Michael S.H. Kain
- Michelle Vogt
- Michelle Yu
- Michiel H.J. Verhofstad
- Michiel J.M. Segers
- Michiel J.M. Segers
- Michiel P.C. Siroen
- Mike Reed
- Milena R. Vicente
- Milko M.M. Bruijninckx
- Mittal Trivedi
- Mohit Bhandari
- Molly M. Moore
- Monica Kunz
- Morten Smedsrud
- Mundi
- Naveen Palla
- Neeraj Jain
- Nico J.M. Out
- Nicole Simunovic
- Nicole Simunovic
- Niels W.L. Schep
- Nikolopoulos
- Oliver MĂĽller
- Onno R. Guicherit
- Oscar J.F. Van Waes
- Otis Wang
- Parker
- Parker
- Parker
- Pascal G. Doornebosch
- Patricia Seuffert
- Patrick J. Hesketh
- Patrick Weinrauch
- Paul Duffy
- Paul Keller
- Paul M. Lafferty
- Paul Pincus
- Paul Tornetta
- Paul Zalzal
- Paula McKay
- Paus
- Pauwels
- Peter A. Cole
- Peter D. de Rooij
- Peter Hull
- Peter M.N.Y.M. Go
- Peter Patka
- Peter Siska
- Peter Weingarten
- Philip Kregor
- Philip Stahel
- Philip Stull
- Philippe Wittich
- Piet A.R. de Rijcke
- Pim Oprel
- PJ Devereaux
- Qi Zhou
- R. Lee Murphy
- Rachel Alosky
- Rachel Clarkson
- Raely Moon
- Rajanikanth Logishetty
- Rajesh Nanda
- Raymond J. Sullivan
- Rebecca G. Snider
- Richard E. Buckley
- Richard Iorio
- Richard J Farrugia
- Richard Jenkinson
- Richard Laughlin
- Richard P.R. Groenendijk
- Richard W. Gurich
- Ripley Worman
- Rob Silvis
- Robert Haverlag
- Robert J. Teasdall
- Robert Korley
- Robert McCormack
- Robert Probe
- Robert V. Cantu
- Roger B. Huff
- Rogier K.J. Simmermacher
- Rolf Peters
- Roman Pfeifer
- Ronald Liem
- Ronald N. Wessel
- Ronald Verhagen
- Ronald Vuylsteke
- Ross Leighton
- Ross McKercher
- Rudolf W. Poolman
- Russell Miller
- Ryan Bicknell
- Ryan Finnan
- Ryan M. Khan
- Samir Mehta
- Sandy Vang
- Sanjay Singh
- Sanjeev Anand
- Sarah A. Anderson
- Sarah A. Dawson
- Scott
- Scott B. Marston
- Scott E. Porter
- Scott T. Watson
- Sebastiaan Festen
- Shane Lieberman
- Shannon Puloski
- Shea A. Bielby
- Sheila Sprague
- Shelley Hess
- Shelley MacDonald
- Simone Evans
- Sofia Bzovsky
- Sondre Hasselund
- Sophie Lewis
- Stein Ugland
- Stephanie Caminiti
- Stephanie L. Tanner
- Stephanie M. Zielinski
- Stephanie Shepard
- Stephen A. Sems
- Stephen D. Walter
- Stephen Doig
- Stephen H. Finley
- Stephen Kates
- Stephen Lindenbaum
- Stephen P. Kingwell
- Steve Csongvay
- Steve Papp
- Steven E. Buijk
- Steven J. Rhemrev
- Steven M. Hollenbeck
- Steven M. van Gaalen
- Steven Yang
- Stuart Weinerman
- Subash
- Sue Lambert
- Sun
- Sun
- Susan Liew
- Sven A.G. Meylaerts
- Swiontkowksi
- Sørensen
- Taco J. Blokhuis
- Tammo S. de Vries Reilingh
- Tarjei Lona
- Taryn Scott
- Teresa K. Swenson
- Terrence J. Endres
- Terry Axelrod
- Teun van Egmond
- Thomas B. Pace
- Thomas KibsgĂĄrd
- Thomas M. Schaller
- Thuan V. Ly
- Timothy J. Miller
- Timothy Weber
- Toan Le
- Todd M. Oliver
- Tom M. Karsten
- Tor Borch
- Tor Magne Hoseth
- Tor Nicolaisen
- Torben Ianssen
- Tori Rutherford
- Tracy Nanney
- Trevor Gervais
- Trevor Stone
- Tyson Schrickel
- Tyson Scrabeck
- Utsav Ganguly
- V. Naumetz
- Valda Frizzell
- Veronica Wadey
- Vicki Jones
- Victoria Avram
- Vimlesh Mishra
- Vineet Yadav
- Vinod Arora
- Vivek Tyagi
- Vivian Borsella
- W. Jaap Willems
- W.H. Hoffman
- Wade T. Gofton
- Watson
- Wesley G. Lackey
- Wesley Ghent
- William Obremskey
- William Oxner
- William W. Cross
- Yvonne M. Murtha
- Zielinski
- Zoe Murdoch
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- Field of study