Mechanisms and models for industry engagement in collaborative research in commercial fisheries

Data and insights from fishers are essential sources of information to advance understanding of fishery and ecosystem dynamics. Incorporating fisher and industry knowledge holds prospects for improving marine science and fisheries management. We address cooperative research in the context of collaboration between fishers, scientists, industries, universities, and agencies to develop applied research to understand marine ecosystems, inform fishery management, enhance sustainability, govern resource use, and investigate social-economic dynamics. We leverage the insights of more than 100 research scientists, fisheries managers, industry representatives, and fishers to outline actionable recommendations for effective approaches and mechanisms to integrate industry data, perspectives, and insights in fisheries science. We also highlight opportunities and address challenges and limitations to such collaboration

Purse-seine vessels as platforms for monitoring the population status of dolphin species in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean:the use of fishing vessels as scientific platforms

In the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are often found in association with spotted (Stenella attenuata) and spinner (Stenella longirostris) dolphins. Purse-seine vessels use this co-occurrence to locate the tuna by searching for dolphins and associated birds. Data collected by onboard observers since the late 1970s were used to develop indices of relative abundance for dolphins, based on line-transect methodology, when the primary method of detection of dolphin herds was with binoculars. However, trend estimation was subsequently discontinued in 2000 due to concerns about changes in reporting rates of dolphin herd detections with increased use of helicopter and radar search. At present, as a result of a hiatus in fishery-independent surveys since 2006, fisheries observer data are the only source of information with which to monitor the status of eastern tropical Pacific Ocean dolphin populations. In this paper, trend estimation with the onboard observer data is revisited using a sightings-per-unit-effort approach. Despite different assumptions and model structure, the results indicate a lack of independence between the distribution of search effort and the search methods used, and the abundance of dolphin herds associated with tunas, on several spatial and temporal scales. This lack of independence poses a considerable challenge to the development of a reliable index of relative abundance for dolphins with these data. Given these results, alternatives for dolphin abundance estimation are discussed. One alternative is the use of purse-seine vessels for line-transect surveys during fishery closure periods. Another alternative is the use of purse-seine vessels during normal fishing operations as platforms for the collection of mark-recapture data (e.g., passive integrated transponder tags or genetics sampling). Life-history data collection, as a supplement to the collection of other data types, is also discussed. Further research and development is needed to assess whether these alternative methods will be useful

Short term evaluation of respiratory effort by premature infants supported with bubble nasal continuous airway pressure using Seattle-PAP and a standard bubble device

Background Almost one million prematurely born infants die annually from respiratory insufficiency, pre- dominantly in countries with limited access to respiratory support for neonates. The primary hypothesis tested in the present study was that a modified device for bubble nasal continu- ous positive airway pressure (Bn-CPAP) would provide lower work of spontaneous breath- ing, estimated by esophageal pressure-rate products. Methods Infants born \u3c32 weeks gestation and stable on Bn-CPAP with FiO2 \u3c0.30 were studied within 72 h following delivery. Esophageal pressures during spontaneous breathing were measured during 2 h on standard Bn-CPAP, then 2 h with Bn-CPAP using a modified bubble device presently termed Seattle-PAP, which produces a different pattern of pressure fluctu- ations and which provided greater respiratory support in preclinical studies, then 2 h on stan- dard Bn-CPAP. Results All 40 infants enrolled completed the study and follow-up through 36 wks post menstrual age or hospital discharge, whichever came first. No infants were on supplemental oxygen at completion of follow-up. No infants developed pneumothoraces or nasal trauma, and no adverse events attributed to the study were observed. Pressure-rate products on the two devices were not different, but effort of breathing, assessed by areas under esophageal pressure-time curves, was lower with Seattle-PAP than with standard Bn-CPAP. Conclusion Use of Seattle-PAP to implement Bn-CPAP lowers the effort of breathing exerted even by relatively healthy spontaneously breathing premature neonates. Whether the lower effort of breathing observed with Seattle-PAP translates to improvements in neonatal mortality or morbidity will need to be determined by studies in appropriate patient populations

Short term evaluation of respiratory effort by premature infants supported with bubble nasal continuous airway pressure using Seattle-PAP and a standard bubble device

<div><p>Background</p><p>Almost one million prematurely born infants die annually from respiratory insufficiency, predominantly in countries with limited access to respiratory support for neonates. The primary hypothesis tested in the present study was that a modified device for bubble nasal continuous positive airway pressure (Bn-CPAP) would provide lower work of spontaneous breathing, estimated by esophageal pressure-rate products.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Infants born <32 weeks gestation and stable on Bn-CPAP with FiO₂ <0.30 were studied within 72 h following delivery. Esophageal pressures during spontaneous breathing were measured during 2 h on standard Bn-CPAP, then 2 h with Bn-CPAP using a modified bubble device presently termed Seattle-PAP, which produces a different pattern of pressure fluctuations and which provided greater respiratory support in preclinical studies, then 2 h on standard Bn-CPAP.</p><p>Results</p><p>All 40 infants enrolled completed the study and follow-up through 36 wks post menstrual age or hospital discharge, whichever came first. No infants were on supplemental oxygen at completion of follow-up. No infants developed pneumothoraces or nasal trauma, and no adverse events attributed to the study were observed. Pressure-rate products on the two devices were not different, but effort of breathing, assessed by areas under esophageal pressure-time curves, was lower with Seattle-PAP than with standard Bn-CPAP.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Use of Seattle-PAP to implement Bn-CPAP lowers the effort of breathing exerted even by relatively healthy spontaneously breathing premature neonates. Whether the lower effort of breathing observed with Seattle-PAP translates to improvements in neonatal mortality or morbidity will need to be determined by studies in appropriate patient populations.</p></div

GEE model fit of PRP, ΔP_es, RR, and AUCs, on time and epoch.

<p>GEE model fit of PRP, ΔP_es, RR, and AUCs, on time and epoch.</p

Areas under the curve (AUC) per min for individual infants.

<p>AUCs were calculated for quiet breaths in one min segments in which at least 10 quiet breaths were observed and normalized per min, using the RR derived from quiet breaths in that interval for the infant, with the data thus expressed as cmH₂O•min/min.</p

GEE model fit of PRP, ΔP_es, RR, and AUC per breath and per min.

<p>GEE model fit of PRP, ΔP_es, RR, and AUC per breath and per min.</p

PRP, ΔP_es, RR, and AUCs in individual infants, aggregated by receipt of ampicillin and gentamicin.

<p>The data presented in the respective figures in gray show the median values of each infant for his or her epochs. The dark black lines are the mean values over all medians. The blue lines are the mean values of the median values for infants who were given ampicillin and gentamicin, and the red lines are the respective mean values for the infants not treated similarly.</p

Respiratory rates (RR) for individual infants.

<p>RRs were determined and are expressed similarly as for the ΔP_es data presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0193807#pone.0193807.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a>.</p