Chemical Synthetic Strategy for Single-Layer Transition-Metal Chalcogenides

A solution-phase synthetic protocol to form two-dimensional (2D) single-layer transition-metal chalcogenides (TMCs) has long been sought; however, such efforts have been plagued with the spontaneous formation of multilayer sheets. In this study, we discovered a solution-phase synthetic protocol, called “diluted chalcogen continuous influx (DCCI)”, where controlling the chalco­gen source influx (e.g., H₂S) during its reaction with the transition-metal halide precursor is the critical parameter for the formation of single-layer sheets as examined for the cases of group IV TMCs. The continuous influx of dilute H₂S throughout the entire growth period is necessary for large sheet formation through the exclusive <i>a-</i> and <i>b-</i>axial growth processes. By contrast, the burst influx of highly concentrated H₂S in the early stages of the growth process forms multilayer TMC nanodiscs. Our DCCI protocol is a new synthetic concept for single-layer TMCs and, in principle, can be operative for wide range of TMC nanosheets

Factors affecting pouch-related outcomes after restorative proctocolectomy

<div><p>Purposes</p><p>Restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the procedure of choice for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and ulcerative colitis (UC) despite morbidities that can lead to pouch failure. We aimed to identify factors associated with pouch-related morbidities.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent RPC with IPAA was performed. To investigate the factors associated with pouch-related morbidities, patients' preoperative demographic and clinical factors, and intraoperative factors were included in the analysis.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 49 patients with UC, FAP, and colorectal cancer were included. Twenty patients (40.8%) experienced leakage-related, functional, and/or pouchitis-related morbidities. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 2 or 3 had a higher risk of functional morbidity than those with grade 1. Intraoperative blood loss exceeding 300.0 mL was associated with an increased risk of pouchitis-related morbidity.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our study demonstrated associations of higher ASA grade and increased intraoperative blood loss with poor functional outcomes and pouchitis, respectively.</p></div

Factors associated with pouch-related morbidities.

<p>Factors associated with pouch-related morbidities.</p

Preoperative and operative characteristics.

<p>Preoperative and operative characteristics.</p

Pouch-related morbidity profiles.

<p>Pouch-related morbidity profiles.</p