Decomposed entropy and estimation of output power in deformed microcavity lasers

Park et al. [Phys. Rev. A 106, L031504 (2022)] showed that the Shannon entropy of the probability distribution of a single random variable for far-field profiles (FFPs) in deformed microcavity lasers can efficiently measure the directionality of deformed microcavity lasers. In this study, we instead consider two random variables of FFPs with joint probability distributions and introduce the decomposed (Shannon) entropy for the peak intensity of directional emissions. This provides a new foundation such that the decomposed entropy can estimate the degree of the output power at given FFPs without any further information.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor open-channel blockers memantine and magnesium modulate nociceptive trigeminovascular neurotransmission in rats

Experimental and clinical studies suggest that the low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor open-channel blockers Mg(2+) and memantine are effective in reducing trigeminal nociceptive activation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the apparent effectiveness of these channel blockers using a model of trigeminal activation in vivo. Rats were anesthetized before electrically stimulating the dura mater adjacent the middle meningeal artery. Neurons responding to stimulation were recorded extracellularly using electrophysiological methods while L-glutamate or NMDA and Mg(2+), memantine, or sodium controls were applied locally using microiontophoresis. Microiontophoretic application of Mg(2+) or memantine into the trigeminocervical complex inhibited mechanically and electrically-stimulated craniovascular afferent, L-glutamate, or NMDA-evoked neuronal activity at the second order trigeminal synapse of craniovascular afferents. By contrast, intravenous administration of MgSO4 (100 mg/kg) or memantine (10 mg/kg) did not significantly affect electrically-stimulated afferent-evoked activity within the trigeminocervical complex. The Mg(2+) and memantine concentrations achieved after systemic administration may not effectively inhibit activation of the trigeminocervical complex, perhaps providing an explanation for the relatively poor efficacy of these NMDA receptor open-channel blockers for headache treatment in clinical studies. Nevertheless, the present results suggest blocking of NMDA-receptor open channels inhibits nociceptive activation of the trigeminocervical complex. Further exploration of such channel blockers as a therapeutic strategy for primary head pain is warranted

Observation and Numerical Prediction of 2011 East Japan Tsunami Inpacific Ocean

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Iterative Soft Decoding Algorithm for DNA Storage Using Quality Score and Redecoding

Ever since deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was considered as a next-generation data-storage medium, lots of research efforts have been made to correct errors occurred during the synthesis, storage, and sequencing processes using error correcting codes (ECCs). Previous works on recovering the data from the sequenced DNA pool with errors have utilized hard decoding algorithms based on a majority decision rule. To improve the correction capability of ECCs and robustness of the DNA storage system, we propose a new iterative soft decoding algorithm, where soft information is obtained from FASTQ files and channel statistics. In particular, we propose a new formula for log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation using quality scores (Q-scores) and a redecoding method which may be suitable for the error correction and detection in the DNA sequencing area. Based on the widely adopted encoding scheme of the fountain code structure proposed by Erlich et al., we use three different sets of sequenced data to show consistency for the performance evaluation. The proposed soft decoding algorithm gives 2.3% ~ 7.0% improvement of the reading number reduction compared to the state-of-the-art decoding method and it is shown that it can deal with erroneous sequenced oligo reads with insertion and deletion errors

Chrysin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression through the inhibition of nuclear factor for IL-6 (NF-IL6) DNA-binding activity

AbstractChrysin is a natural, biologically active compound extracted from many plants, honey and propolis. It possesses potent anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation properties. The mechanism by which chrysin suppresses COX-2 expression remains poorly understood. In the present report, we investigated the effect of chrysin on the expression of COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Chrysin significantly suppressed the LPS-induced COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of chrysin to suppress the expression of the COX-2 was investigated using luciferase reporters controlled by various cis-elements in COX-2 promoter region. Mutational analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay verified that nuclear factor for IL-6 was identified as responsible for the chrysin-mediated COX-2 downregulation. These results will provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties of chrysin

Glucose repression of the Escherichia coli sdhCDAB operon, revisited: regulation by the CRP·cAMP complex

Expression of the Escherichia coli sdhCDAB operon encoding the succinate dehydrogenase complex is regulated in response to growth conditions, such as anaerobiosis and carbon sources. An anaerobic repression of sdhCDAB is known to be mediated by the ArcB/A two-component system and the global Fnr anaerobic regulator. While the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and Cra (formerly FruR) are known as key mediators of catabolite repression, they have been excluded from the glucose repression of the sdhCDAB operon. Although the glucose repression of sdhCDAB was reported to involve a mechanism dependent on the ptsG expression, the molecular mechanism underlying the glucose repression has never been clarified. In this study, we re-examined the mechanism of the sdhCDAB repression by glucose and found that CRP directly regulates expression of the sdhCDAB operon and that the glucose repression of this operon occurs in a cAMP-dependent manner. The levels of phosphorylated enzyme IIA(Glc) and intracellular cAMP on various carbon sources were proportional to the expression levels of sdhC-lacZ. Disruption of crp or cya completely abolished the glucose repression of sdhC-lacZ expression. Together with data showing correlation between the intracellular cAMP concentrations and the sdhC-lacZ expression levels in several mutants and wild type, in vitro transcription assays suggest that the decrease in the CRP·cAMP level in the presence of glucose is the major determinant of the glucose repression of the sdhCDAB operon

Comparison of Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Radical Nephrectomy with Conventional Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy for Localized Renal-Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: To compare the results of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) radical nephrectomy with conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for localized renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and Methods: This study was designed as a matched case-controlled study from our institute`s RCC database. Nineteen consecutive patients who were undergoing LESS radical nephrectomy were compared with 38 patients who were undergoing conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The matching process accounted for sex, age, operative side, and tumor size. Results: No significant differences were observed in mean operative time (190.8 vs 172.4 min, P - 0.249), estimated blood loss (143.2 vs 199.5 mL, P - 0.235), and complication rate (15.8% vs 21.1 %, P - 0.635) between the LESS and conventional laparoscopy groups. Postoperative hospital stay after LESS radical nephrectomy was 2.7 (2-4) days, compared with 3.9 (3-7) days in the conventional laparoscopy group (P < 0.001). Postoperative pain, as measured by visual analog scale at postoperative day 1 (4.7 vs 5.8 points, P - 0.001), 2 (3.4 vs 4.6 points, P < 0.001), and 3 (2.7 vs 4.0 points, P = 0.008) was significantly lower in the LESS group. Conclusion: LESS radical nephrectomy is a feasible and safe surgical option for localized RCC that demonstrates improved cosmetic outcomes and the additional benefits of decreased postoperative pain and decreased hospital stay.Desai MM, 2009, UROLOGY, V74, P805, DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2009.02.083Stolzenburg JU, 2009, EUR UROL, V56, P644, DOI 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.06.022Stolzenburg JU, 2009, J ENDOUROL, V23, P1287, DOI 10.1089/end.2009.0120Raman JD, 2009, EUR UROL, V55, P1198, DOI 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.08.019Park YH, 2009, J ENDOUROL, V23, P833, DOI 10.1089/end.2009.0025Kommu SS, 2009, BJU INT, V103, P1034, DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08282.xRAYBOURN JH, 2009, UROLOGY 0721Canes D, 2008, EUR UROL, V54, P1020, DOI 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.07.009Bandi G, 2008, BJU INT, V101, P459, DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07235.xDELGADO S, 2008, GASTROENTEROL HEPATO, V31, P515Raman JD, 2007, UROLOGY, V70, P1039, DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2007.10.001Colombo JR, 2007, CLINICS, V62, P251Hemal AK, 2007, J UROLOGY, V177, P862, DOI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.053Kawauchi A, 2007, UROLOGY, V69, P53, DOI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.09.009KAVOUSSI LR, 1993, UROLOGY, V42, P603CLAYMAN RV, 1991, J UROLOGY, V146, P2781