4,337 research outputs found
The structure of gauge-invariant ideals of labelled graph -algebras
In this paper, we consider the gauge-invariant ideal structure of a
-algebra associated to a set-finite,
receiver set-finite and weakly left-resolving labelled space
, where is a labelling map assigning
an alphabet to each edge of the directed graph with no sinks. Under the
assumption that an accommodating set is closed under taking
relative complement, it is obtained that there is a one to one correspondence
between the set of all hereditary saturated subsets of and the
gauge-invariant ideals of . For this, we
introduce a quotient labelled space arising
from an equivalence relation on and show the existence
of the -algebra generated by a
universal representation of . Also the
gauge-invariant uniqueness theorem for is
obtained.
For simple labelled graph -algebras
, where is the
smallest accommodating set containing all the generalized vertices, it is
observed that if for each vertex of , a generalized vertex is
finite for some , then is simple if
and only if is strongly cofinal and
disagreeable. This is done by examining the merged labelled graph
of and the common properties that
and
share
Topological entropy and the AF core of a graph C∗-algebra
AbstractLet C∗(E) be the C∗-algebra associated with a locally finite directed graph E and AE be the AF core of C∗(E). For the topological entropy ht(ΦE) (in the sense of Brown–Voiculescu) of the canonical completely positive map ΦE on the graph C∗-algebra, it is known that if E is finiteht(ΦE)=ht(ΦE|AE)=hb(E)=hl(E), where hb(E) (respectively, hl(E)) is the block (respectively, the loop) entropy of E. In case E is irreducible and infinite, hl(E)⩽ht(ΦE|AE)⩽hb(Et) is known recently, where Et is the graph E with the edges directed reversely. Then by monotonicity of entropy, hl(E)⩽ht(ΦE) is clear. In this paper we show that ht(ΦE)⩽hb(Et) holds for locally finite infinite graphs E. The AF core AE is known to be stably isomorphic to the graph C∗-algebra C∗(E×cZ) of certain skew product E×cZ and we also show that ht(ΦE×cZ)=ht(ΦE|AE). Examples Ep (p>1) of irreducible graphs with ht(ΦEp)=logp are discussed
Three-way Translocation of MLL/MLLT3, t(1;9;11)(p34.2;p22;q23), in a Pediatric Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
The chromosome band 11q23 is a common target region of chromosomal translocation in different types of leukemia, including infantile leukemia and therapy-related leukemia. The target gene at 11q23, MLL, is disrupted by the translocation and becomes fused to various translocation partners. We report a case of AML with a rare 3-way translocation involving chromosomes 1, 9, and 11: t(1;9;11)(p34.2;p22;q23). A 3-yr-old Korean girl presented with a 5-day history of fever. A diagnosis of AML was made on the basis of the morphological evaluation and immunophenotyping of bone marrow specimens. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping showed blasts positive for myeloid lineage markers and aberrant CD19 expression. Karyotypic analysis showed 46,XX,t(1;9;11)(p34.2;p22;q23) in 19 of the 20 cells analyzed. This abnormality was involved in MLL/MLLT3 rearrangement, which was confirmed by qualitative multiplex reverse transcription-PCR and interphase FISH. She achieved morphological and cytogenetic remission after 1 month of chemotherapy and remained event-free for 6 months. Four cases of t(1;9;11)(v;p22;q23) have been reported previously in a series that included cases with other 11q23 abnormalities, making it difficult to determine the distinctive clinical features associated with this abnormality. To our knowledge, this is the first description of t(1;9;11) with clinical and laboratory data, including the data for the involved genes, MLL/MLLT3
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