Suitable dietary protein/lipid of hybrid, female red sea bream Pagrus major and Male Black Sea Bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli in Juvenile Stage, as compared with Red Sea Bream

To determine a suitable dietary protein/lipid (CP/CL) ratio in the early juvenile stages of hybrid porgy (F1), female red sea bream (RSB) × male black sea bream, five diets with various CP/CL ratios—60/7, 55/12, 51/17, 46/23, and 41/28—were prepared and provided to juveniles in triplicate. At the smaller juvenile stage, F1, weighing 0.32 g, a significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) were seen with 60/7 and 55/12 diets. However, in RSB weighing 0.26 g, SGR and FE were higher with the 60/7 diet than the other diets at 21°C. At the larger juvenile stage, F1, weighing 3.7 g, there was no significant difference in SGR or FE among the diets, but RSB weighing 4.0 g fed 60/7, 55/12, and 51/17 diets had higher SGR and FE than 46/23 and 41/28 diets at 24°C. Moreover, survival and apparent nutrient retention of F1 at both stages were significantly higher than those in RSB. These results indicate that both F1 and RSB weighing ca. 0.3 g require a higher dietary CP/CL than those weighing ca. 4 g. Additionally, F1 in both trials showed the suitability of a lower dietary CP/CL than RSB, indicating that mass production of F1 juveniles will be more economical than RSB

실내 복도 환경에서 선분 특징점을 이용한 비전 기반의 지도작성 및 위치인식

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Effect of coating thickness and annealing temperature on ZrN coating failure of U-Mo particles under heat treatment

Zirconium nitride (ZrN) coating is used as a diffusion barrier layer on U-Mo powder surfaces to suppress interdiffusion layer formation. However, it has been reported that the structural integrity of the coating did not remain intact after fuel plate fabrication process. To assess the coating integrity during the fabrication process at high temperature, parametric studies were performed with different coating layer thicknesses and annealing temperatures for ZrN-coated U-7w.t.%Mo particles. The microstructure of the annealed samples was analyzed by using scanning emission microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. Finite element simulations were performed whether mechanical failure of the coating layer occurs under given annealing temperatures. The simulation results showed the effect of coating layer thickness and annealing temperature on the coating fracture. It was found that tensile hoop stress became larger to cause fracturing over the coating layers as the annealing temperature increased, which was consistent with the results of SEM analysis. By comparing experimental results with simulation results, the thresholds of coating layer thickness and annealing temperature for crack initiation was primarily determined by the U-7Mo particle size

Sonar based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Using a Neuro Evolutionary Optimization

This paper addresses a solution of simultaneous localization and mapping ( SLAM) for sonar readings based on neuro-evolutionary optimization algorithm. In the past two decades, numerous studies have attempted to solve the SLAM problem using laser scanners and vision sensors. However, relatively little research has been carried out on a sonar-based SLAM algorithm, because the bearing accuracy and resolution of sonars are not enough to find consistent features for SLAM. The proposed algorithm in this paper solves the sonar-based SLAM as a global optimization problem using the cost function that represents the quality of a robot's trajectory in the world coordinate frame. In our algorithm, a neural network helps to estimate the robot's pose error accurately using sonar inputs at each position and the pose difference between two consecutive robot poses, and evolutionary programming is used to find the most suitable neural network. By way of learning and evolution, our algorithm does not need a prior assumption on the motion and sensor models, and therefore shows a robust performance regardless of the actual noise type. Our neural network-based SLAM algorithm is applied to a robot that has sonar sensors. The various experimental results demonstrate that the neural network-based SLAM guarantees a consistent environmental map under sonar readings that in general are known to have poor bearing accuracy and resolution. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan, 2010X1132sciescopu

Effect of osteotropic agents on the expression of RANKL and OPG in Saos-2 cells

Various osteotropic agents that influence bone resorption are known to act primarily via osteoblasts/stromal cells. Recently, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been suggested to be key molecules that regulate osteoclast differentiation and activation. RANKL induces osteoclastogenesis and activates mature osteoclasts while OPG acts as a physiologic inhibtor of RANKL. It is conceivable, therefore, that change in RANKL and OPG expression in osteoblasts/stromal cells affect their ability to support osteoclast formation, activity and survival. In this study, we examined the effects of several osteotropic agents on RANKL and OPG mRAN expression in Saos-2 human osteoblastic cells. Cells were exposed to parathyroid hormone (PYH, 10^-8M), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3 (1,25(OH)_2D_3, 10^-8M), dexamethasone (10^-8M), interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 5ng/ml), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, 5ng/ml), transforming growth factor-β (TNF-β, 5ng/ml), or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I, 10ng/ml) for 2, 4, 8, and 24h, and mRNA levels were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All the tested osteotropic agents more or less regulated both RANKL and OPG mRNA level during the examined period. RaNKL/OPG ratio was up-regulated by PTH, 1,25(OH)_2D_3, dexamethasone, TGF-β, IGF-I, and increased RANKL/OPG ratio was maintained up to 24h. IL-1β and TNF-α transiently they greatlhy decreased RANKL/OPG ratio. These results showed that RANKL and OPG could be potential targets for bone resorption regulation by osteotropic hormenes, cytokines, and growth factors. However, regulatory patterns were not alvays coincident with in vivo or in vitro effects on osteoclastogenesis, implying that RANKL and OPG are not the sole mediators of their action.This work was supported in part by the Research Fund from the Korea Research Foundation(1997) and year (2001) BK21 project for Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy

Dependence of thickness, morphology, and crystallographic properties of Mo and ZrN coatings on U-Mo substrate size

This study reports the size effect of U-7wt.%Mo (U-7Mo) substrates on the thickness, morphology, and crystallographic properties of Mo and ZrN coatings as a diffusion barrier. Each the coating was deposited on 45-90 ??m sized U-7Mo particles by direct current magnetron sputtering system. The as-fabricated coated U-7Mo particles were assorted by their size, and then the microstructure of each particle group was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer. The characterization results showed that the thickness of both the Mo and ZrN coatings was proportional to the U-7Mo substrate size. A semi-empirical model to explain the relationship between the coating thickness and substrate size is newly developed with comprehensive considerations for the friction physics and configurations of the deposition system, in which unknown constants were obtained by fitting the correlation to the measured data. It was shown that the morphology and crystallographic properties of both the Mo and ZrN coatings were various as a function of the U-7Mo substrate sizes, which is due to their different coating thicknesses and deposition rates