A method for selecting HVAC retrofit solutions for existing small- and medium-sized commercial buildings

The primary purpose of the present study is to develop a framework and methodology for evaluating appropriate Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) retrofit solutions that can be effectively retrofitted into different types of small- and medium-sized commercial buildings (SMSCB). Additionally, development of an advanced data-driven decision-making tool is introduced as a benefit of proposed framework. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on retrofits of existing commercial buildings (IBE, 2013b). In fact, the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) 2003 (EIA, 2006) indicates that over 70% of existing commercial buildings across the United States are more than twenty years old and these old buildings consume about 20% of the primary energy in the United States. Also, 99% of commercial buildings are within 1,001 – 200,000 square feet and these buildings consume about 75% of the energy used by all commercial buildings. Consequently, there is a great opportunity to save energy on SMSCB accompanied with integrated retrofit technologies, such as HVAC and envelope integration, and window and lighting integration. Since this study focuses on developing a framework to evaluate proper HVAC retrofit solutions for SMSCB, each of the following aspects of the proposed framework is discussed: (1) the development of baseline SMSCB energy models; (2) the identification of appropriate HVAC retrofit solutions for selected SMSCB types; (3) the analysis of selected HVAC retrofit solutions to each of the identified SMSCB types and climate zones; and (4) the assessment of both the energy savings and cost-effectiveness of the proposed HVAC retrofit solutions for proposed SMSCB. Certainly, utilizing this methodology will provide stakeholders and contractors with a promising reduction in project cost including both installation and operating cost. Also, by employing the developed decision-making tool, building owners, contractors, and architects may have benefits of reduced time and effort for selecting appropriate HVAC retrofit solutions. A case study is presented that utilizes this methodology in office, mercantile, education, food service, lodging, and food sales building types in several regions across the United States, and shows how the proposed framework may be used to adapt to different circumstances concentrating on HVAC retrofit solutions for prototypical small- and medium-sized commercial buildings (SMSCB)

HVAC Solutions for Small- and Medium-sized Commercial Building Retrofit Opportunities

According to the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey 2003 (CBECS 2003) conducted by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, over 70% of existing commercial buildings across the United States are more than twenty years old, with many of these buildings soon in need of renovation. Also, CBECS 2003 reports that existing small- and medium-sized commercial buildings (smaller than 200,000 square feet) consume about 75% of the energy used in these buildings, which means there is a great potential for energy savings with integrated technologies and building retrofit solutions, such as HVAC and envelope integration, and window and lighting integration. The primary focus of this study is to compare the annual performance of different types of HVAC equipment in existing small- and medium-sized commercial buildings, and to identify appropriate HVAC systems that could be retrofit into different commercial building types in a cost effective manner. Prototypical building types and characteristics for baseline models are proposed based on the CBECS 2003 microdata; and annual energy simulation results from EnergyPlus are utilized to analyze the different HVAC retrofit technology options