Det middelalderlige fyrstemåltid fra Marsk Stig til Valdemar Atterdag cirka 1300-1350

Denne artikel fremlægger en tværfaglig oversigt over fyrstemåltidet i første halvdel af 1300-tallet, det vil sige på Erik Menveds og Valdemar Atterdags tid. Det er i højmiddelalderen, at fyrstemåltidet som arena for forhandlinger om magt og hierarki for første gang kan dokumenteres: Den fyrstelige eneret på vildt og ferskvandsfisk, det offentlige måltid og den hierarkiske placering af deltagerne ved bordet er eksempler på dette: alle træk, der kendetegner det eftermiddelalderlige fyrstemåltid. Det er således i højmiddelalderen, at traditionen for det fyrstelige måltid som repræsentativt rum bliver etableret, og det er en tradition, der varer ved helt til vore dage

Revealing the invisible dead: integrating bio-geoarchaeological approaches in an apparently "empty" Viking-Age equestrian burial

Conference 26 - 27 May 2022 Microarchaeology: making visible the invisible archaeological record through high-resolution integrated approaches Coordination: Marta Portillo (IMF-CSIC), Aroa García-Suárez (IMF-CSIC), Juan Francisco Gibaja (EEHAR-CSIC) & Antonio Pizzo (EEHAR-CSIC)In 2017, a team of archaeologists and specialists investigated the apparently empty and partly disturbed Viking-Age equestrian burial of Fregerslev II, Denmark. This did not only provide a once in a lifetime opportunity to excavate such an elite grave, now with much more modern techniques than during earlier excavations of similar graves, but also to develop a novel multi-scale and multi-method analysis of burial and post-burial processes. To overcome the limitations of poor preservation and the lack of a clear macrostratigraphic sequence, multi-proxy analyses of organic and inorganic materials were combined to study the burial and its spatial organization as well as post-depositional processes. Techniques applied includedsoil chemistry (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - ICPMS, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer - pXRF), soil micromorphology, analysis of faecal lipid biomarkers and analysis of wood, botanical macroremains, phytoliths, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs. This presentation will present the highlights of the results of the various analyses, showing the potential and relevance of integrating high-resolution approaches for the analysis of poorly preserved burial contexts

Clinical course and prognosis of musculoskeletal pain in patients referred for physiotherapy: does pain site matter?

Background: Danish patients with musculoskeletal disorders are commonly referred for primary care physiotherapy treatment but little is known about their general health status, pain diagnoses, clinical course and prognosis. The objectives of this study were to 1) describe the clinical course of patients with musculoskeletal disorders referred to physiotherapy, 2) identify predictors associated with a satisfactory outcome, and 3) determine the influence of the primary pain site diagnosis relative to those predictors. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients (n = 2,706) newly referred because of musculoskeletal pain to 30 physiotherapy practices from January 2012 to May 2012. Data were collected via a web-based questionnaire 1–2 days prior to the first physiotherapy consultation and at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months, from clinical records (including primary musculoskeletal symptom diagnosis based on the ICPC-2 classification system), and from national registry data. The main outcome was the Patient Acceptable Symptom State. Potential predictors were analysed using backwards step-wise selection during longitudinal Generalised Estimating Equation regression modelling. To assess the influence of pain site on these associations, primary pain site diagnosis was added to the model. Results: Of the patients included, 66% were female and the mean age was 48 (SD 15). The percentage of patients reporting their symptoms as acceptable was 32% at 6 weeks, 43% at 3 months and 52% at 6 months. A higher probability of satisfactory outcome was associated with place of residence, being retired, no compensation claim, less frequent pain, shorter duration of pain, lower levels of disability and fear avoidance, better mental health and being a non-smoker. Primary pain site diagnosis had little influence on these associations, and was not predictive of a satisfactory outcome. Conclusion: Only half of the patients rated their symptoms as acceptable at 6 months. Although satisfactory outcome was difficult to predict at an individual patient level, there were a number of prognostic factors that were associated with this outcome. These factors should be considered when developing generic prediction tools to assess the probability of satisfactory outcome in musculoskeletal physiotherapy patients, because the site of pain did not affect that prognostic association

Comprehensive Molecular Portraits of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most prevalent histologic subtype of invasive breast cancer. Here, we comprehensively profiled 817 breast tumors, including 127 ILC, 490 ductal (IDC), and 88 mixed IDC/ILC. Besides E-cadherin loss, the best known ILC genetic hallmark, we identified mutations targeting PTEN, TBX3 and FOXA1 as ILC enriched features. PTEN loss associated with increased AKT phosphorylation, which was highest in ILC among all breast cancer subtypes. Spatially clustered FOXA1 mutations correlated with increased FOXA1 expression and activity. Conversely, GATA3 mutations and high expression characterized Luminal A IDC, suggesting differential modulation of ER activity in ILC and IDC. Proliferation and immune-related signatures determined three ILC transcriptional subtypes associated with survival differences. Mixed IDC/ILC cases were molecularly classified as ILC-like and IDC-like revealing no true hybrid features. This multidimensional molecular atlas sheds new light on the genetic bases of ILC and provides potential clinical options

The Somatic Genomic Landscape of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

We describe the landscape of somatic genomic alterations of 66 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs) based on multidimensional and comprehensive characterization, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and whole genome sequencing. The result is consistent that ChRCC originates from the distal nephron compared to other kidney cancers with more proximal origins. Combined mtDNA and gene expression analysis implicates changes in mitochondrial function as a component of the disease biology, while suggesting alternative roles for mtDNA mutations in cancers relying on oxidative phosphorylation. Genomic rearrangements lead to recurrent structural breakpoints within TERT promoter region, which correlates with highly elevated TERT expression and manifestation of kataegis, representing a mechanism of TERT up-regulation in cancer distinct from previously-observed amplifications and point mutations

Multiplatform Analysis of 12 Cancer Types Reveals Molecular Classification within and across Tissues of Origin

Recent genomic analyses of pathologically-defined tumor types identify “within-a-tissue” disease subtypes. However, the extent to which genomic signatures are shared across tissues is still unclear. We performed an integrative analysis using five genome-wide platforms and one proteomic platform on 3,527 specimens from 12 cancer types, revealing a unified classification into 11 major subtypes. Five subtypes were nearly identical to their tissue-of-origin counterparts, but several distinct cancer types were found to converge into common subtypes. Lung squamous, head & neck, and a subset of bladder cancers coalesced into one subtype typified by TP53 alterations, TP63 amplifications, and high expression of immune and proliferation pathway genes. Of note, bladder cancers split into three pan-cancer subtypes. The multi-platform classification, while correlated with tissue-of-origin, provides independent information for predicting clinical outcomes. All datasets are available for data-mining from a unified resource to support further biological discoveries and insights into novel therapeutic strategies

Genbesøg på Bjørnkær

Bjørnkær revisitedA new evaluation of the distillation set and large grain deposit The well-preserved castle mounds of Bjørnkær, situated in Gosmer parish, near Hou in eastern Jutland, were excavated in the early 1930s by the local doctor Jens Didriksen under the supervision of architect C.M. Smidt of the Danish National Museum (figs. 1, 2, 5). During the investigation of the site, dated typologically to the 13th or 14th century AD, several important finds were made. Of these, the remains of a probable distillation set surrounded by an estimated 150-200 l of partially charred grain, deposited in a well in the southeast corner of the castle cellar, were of particular interest (fig. 3). When the pottery distillation set was reassembled, it was found to consist of 35 unique funnels, pans, lids, vessels etc. It was interpreted by the excavator as having been linked to the grain, which Didriksen believed had been used to produce alcohol in the set. The Bjørnkær distillation set is the oldest of its kind found to date in Denmark (fig. 4). A major problem regarding the interpretation of the Bjørnkær site has long been that the excavation results were never thoroughly examined and presented after the conclusion of the excavation. Consequently, the various interpretations of the findings have been considered uncertain on several points. One such uncertainty relates to the dating of the distillation set, so far fixed as the late 14th or early 15th century AD, based solely on typology. Another uncertainty results from the composition of the grain find never having been thoroughly investigated. It was merely assessed in the 1930s by Knud Jessen, with the result then being published by Didriksen. At this time, Jessen was professor of botany at the University of Copenhagen as well as being the director of the Copenhagen Botanical Garden. According to Didriksen, Jessen assessed the grain deposit as being mainly composed of a mixture of naked and hulled six-row barley but also with some oats, as well as rye, vetches and wild plants. Regarding the latter, Didriksen notes that there were many seeds of wild radish, corncockle, cornflower and fat hen.The main aim of the studies presented in this article has been to confirm or discount the previous interpretations with regard to the dating of the distillation set and the composition of the grain deposits by obtaining 14C dates and undertaking a thorough analysis of the grain. In addition to a small cardboard box containing handpicked carbonised grain and wild plant remains of unknown origin, there is also a bag containing 1805 ml carbonised material from the original grain deposit found in the well; the latter has formed the basis for the current analysis. A secondary aim has been to discuss whether the grain found in the well was actually intended for alcohol production. This is not given since medieval distilleries were not used solely for alcohol production but also for other purposes like alchemical experiments. The 14C dates which, due to a lack of preserved organic matter on the distillation set itself, were based on two grains of hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare) and one grain of oat (Avena sp.) from the grain deposit, lay within the range AD 1303-1423 (95.4%) or AD 1320-1411 (68.3%), thereby confirming the typological dating of the find.The results of the archaeobotanical analysis, presented in table 1 and on figures 6 and 9, show that the composition of the grain deposit corresponds to Jessens results in some ways but deviates in others. It is assumed that the differences are likely due to Jessen having assessed material from another part of the deposit than that analysed in the current investigation. This cannot, however, be verified due to the absence of the remainder of the original grain deposit. Regarding the similarities, large amounts of barley grains and the presence in smaller amounts of grains of oat and rye (Secale cereale ssp. cereale) were recorded in both analyses, as were numerous seeds and seed pod fragments of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and seeds of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) and fat hen (Chenopodium album). Dissimilarities are especially evident in the presence of bread wheat/durum wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum/Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and large amounts of cabbage/mustard/turnip etc. (Brassica sp.) seeds recorded in the current analysis. These were not found in the previous assessment, while corncockle (Agrostemma githago) and large amounts of vetch (Vicia sp.) seeds and grains of naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum) were only recorded by Jessen in his original assessment. The complete lack of naked barley in the new analysis is an important difference as Jessen’s record of this species is highly unusual. There are virtually no other records of naked barley in Danish archaeobotanical finds from the Middle Ages, and its absence in the small proportion of the Bjørnkær material that remains today unfortunately makes it impossible to confirm its presence via a new thorough analysis. The plant species present and the overall composition of the plant remains revealed by the current analysis are very typical for medieval finds from Denmark. The grain deposit apparently consisted primarily of hulled six-row barley, probably of the lax-eared variety (figs. 7 & 10), but it also contained minor presences of other grain species. The latter likely either represent grain that had become mixed with the barley in the well or plants which had grown together with the barley in the field. Wild plants are also represented, especially typical weeds, which had probably mainly grown and subsequently been harvested together with the grain. Seeds and fruits of wild plants constitute 19% of the find by number (fig. 9). This is a relatively large proportion, but as there are no certain presences of straw fragments, rachis internodes or remains of glumes, the barley grain had probably still been processed and cleaned to some extent.As for the functional connection between the distillation set and the grain found in the well, it is argued that this cannot be established with certainty. Even though the distillation set and the grain were found together, they may originally have been deposited separately in the castle. During the analysis of the Bjørnkær find it was noted that no grains showed evidence of sprouting, which is a sign of malting. Sprouted grain can often be found during archaeobotanical investigations of medieval grain deposits associated with breweries. If sprouts had been present on the grains, this would have reinforced the idea of a potential connection between the grain and the distillation set.Distillation of alcohol based on grain is believed to have begun in Denmark around the end of the 14th century AD. It must therefore be concluded that, although the intended use of the grain found in the well may have been alcohol production, a connection between the grain and the distillation set cannot be made with certainty. A likely interpretation of the grain is that it was stored somewhere in the castle where it was used for various everyday purposes that may or may not have included alcohol production. After carbonisation, which most likely happened due to an accident involving fire, the grain was subsequently deposited in the well together with the distillation set