Organic Agriculture: A New Field of International Development Policy

This paper reviews strategically selected global policy documents and development literature and analyse perspectives on the role of organic agriculture (OA) as a possible vehicle for sustainable development in developing countries. It shows that not only has compliance assessed organics made entry in terms of projects and programmes in many LICs. OA is also gaining position in formal policies and strategies of international donor agencies and organisations. If agriculture is generally “back” in development business, organic farming has certainly “arrived”

The vascular conducted response in cerebral blood flow regulation

Despite recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind vascular conducted responses (VCRs) in systemic arterioles, we still know very little about their potential physiological and pathophysiological role in brain penetrating arterioles controlling blood flow to the deeper areas of the brain. The scope of the present review is to present an overview of the conceptual, mechanistic, and physiological role of VCRs in resistance vessels, and to discuss in detail the recent advances in our knowledge of VCRs in brain arterioles controlling cerebral blood flow. We provide a schematic view of the ion channels and intercellular communication pathways necessary for conduction of an electrical and mechanical response in the arteriolar wall, and discuss the local signaling mechanisms and cellular pathway involved in the responses to different local stimuli and in different vascular beds. Physiological modulation of VCRs, which is a rather new finding in this field, is discussed in the light of changes in plasma membrane ion channel conductance as a function of health status or disease. Finally, we discuss the possible role of VCRs in cerebrovascular function and disease as well as suggest future directions for studying VCRs in the cerebral circulation

Lateral Alveolar Ridge Augmentation with an Autogenous Bone Block Graft Alone with or without Barrier Membrane Coverage:a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: To test the hypothesis of no difference in implant treatment outcome following lateral alveolar ridge augmentation with autogenous bone block graft with or without barrier membrane coverage. Material and Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase and Cochrane library search in combination with a hand-search of relevant journals was conducted. Human studies published in English until the 8th of February 2021 were included. Randomised controlled trials with an observation period longer than three months were included. Survival of implants and suprastructures were considered as primary outcomes measures, whereas peri-implant marginal bone loss, dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge, bone regeneration, patient-reported outcome measures, biological and mechanical complications were secondary outcome measures, as evaluated by descriptive statistics and meta-analysis including 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Electronic search and hand-searching resulted in 411 entries. Five randomised controlled trials characterised by low or high risk of bias fulfilled inclusion criteria. No statistically significant difference between the two treatment modalities was observed in any of the outcome measures. However, barrier membrane coverage was associated with a non-significant gain in alveolar ridge width of 0.5 mm (95% CI = -0.1 to 1.1) and diminished resorption of -0.9 mm (95% CI = -2.4 to 0.7) compared with no barrier membrane coverage. Conclusions: Comparable implant treatment outcomes were revealed following lateral alveolar ridge augmentation with autogenous bone block graft alone with or without barrier membrane coverage. However, postoperative dimensional changes of the augmented seems to be diminished with the use of barrier membrane coverage as evaluated by two-dimensional linear measurements

Single-crown restorations supported by short implants (6 mm) compared with standard-length implants (13 mm) in conjunction with maxillary sinus floor augmentation:a randomized, controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to test the H0-hypothesis of no difference in the clinical and radiographical treatment outcome of single-crown restorations supported by short implants compared with standard length implants in conjunction with maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) after 1 year of functional implant loading. Forty patients with partial edentulism in the posterior part of the maxilla were randomly allocated to treatment involving single-crown restorations supported by short implants or standard length implants in conjunction with MSFA. Clinical and radiographical evaluation were used to assess survival of suprastructures and implants, peri-implant marginal bone loss (PIMBL), biological, and mechanical complications. RESULTS: Both treatment modalities were characterized by 100% survival of suprastructures and implants after 1 year. Mean PIMBL was 0.60 mm with short implants compared with 0.51 mm with standard length implants after 1 year of functional loading. There were no statistically significant differences in survival of suprastructure and implants, PIMBL, and mechanical complications between the two treatment modalities. However, a higher incidence of biological complications was associated with standard length implants in conjunction with MSFA. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that single-crown restorations supported by short implants seems to be comparable with standard length implants in conjunction with MSFA. However, long-term studies are needed before final conclusions can be provided about the two treatment modalities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.Gov ID: NCT04518020. Date of registration: August 14, 2020, retrospectively registered

”Tænke? Abstrakt? Red sig, hvem der kan!”

Nærværende tekst undersøger spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt og hvordan abstraktioner har en plads i det praktiske og professionelle arbejde. Vi argumenterer for, abstraktioner er uomgængelige, og at vi altid allerede er i gang med at bruge abstraktioner, begreber og kategorier, når vi handler. Samtidig beskriver vi brugen af en særlig type abstraktioner, de såkaldt ”lokkende abstraktioner”, som vi hævder, er animerende for praksis. Første del af teksten, ”Abstraktioner i praksis”, tager udgangspunkt i forholdet mellem det filosofiske og begrebslige over for det praktiske. Denne del knytter an til den tyske filosof G.W.F. Hegels klassiske lille tekst ”Hvem tænker abstrakt?” Spørgsmålet om det abstrakte bringes i kontakt med professionernes diskussioner af forholdet mellem teori og praksis, ligesom det sættes ind i en idéhistorisk ramme. Anden del af teksten, ”Praktiske abstraktioner”, tager udgangspunkt i den belgiske videnskabsteoretiker Isabelle Stengers og hendes behandling af abstraktioner og det, de gør for os i både hverdagslige og videnskabelige erkendelsesprocesser. Denne del af teksten formulerer, hvad man skal forstå ved lokkende abstraktioner, og bringer i særlig grad disse i diskussion med det herskende professionelle vidensideal om anvendelighed