Impact of Recreational Fishery on the Formal Danish Economy

This paper presents estimates of the economic impact of recreational fisheries on the formal economy of Denmark. It utilises primary data from a CVM (con-tingent valuation method)-mail survey conducted in 1999 in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden and Iceland. The sample used in this paper covers 546 Danish respondents (recreational fishermen only). The questions on expenditure were asked in order to jog the memory of the respondents prior to the CVM questions in the form of willingness to pay questions. The annual mean amount spent on recreational fishery was estimated to be 1.170 DKK in national currency and the aggregate Danish expenditure was estimated to be 517 million DKK. The expenditure estimates from the original survey distributed on expenditure cate-gories were used as the starting point of this study. The estimation of the economic impact was done from the demand side using the Danish input-output tables. In the model each known expenditure category from the survey was allocated to a similar commodity group posting in the in-put output model nomenclature. As a result, the impact of expenditure on rec-reational fisheries activities on employment, import, indirect taxes and income was calculated.

Application of the Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System to Welfare Analysis

This paper presents the theoretical properties of the Inverse Almost Ideal De-mand System and applies the system on time series data for cod, herring and plaice in Denmark (1986 to 2001). Furthermore, the shortcoming of the Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System when applied to welfare analysis is discussed. The properties of the demand system show that - since the demand system is a second-order approximation to the true system - it does not have global appli-cability for welfare measurement. It may, therefore, not satisfy the conditions for calculation of consumer surplus (negative slope and positive point of inter-section with the price-axis). The theoretical point is illustrated by an empirical example of the Danish fish market. Using a vector auto regressive model in er-ror correction form to overcome the problem of non-stationarity of data, the In-verse Almost Ideal Demand System is estimated. For cod the intercept is nega-tive and for herring and plaice the slope of the demand function is positive in the data interval investigated. Thus, the estimated demand system is not suitable for welfare analysis.Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System, Welfare analysis, Co-integration and Fish

L\'{e}vy-based growth models

In the present paper, we give a condensed review, for the nonspecialist reader, of a new modelling framework for spatio-temporal processes, based on L\'{e}vy theory. We show the potential of the approach in stochastic geometry and spatial statistics by studying L\'{e}vy-based growth modelling of planar objects. The growth models considered are spatio-temporal stochastic processes on the circle. As a by product, flexible new models for space--time covariance functions on the circle are provided. An application of the L\'{e}vy-based growth models to tumour growth is discussed.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/07-BEJ6130 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm

Exploring the Shivwits production zone

The Shivwits Plateau is situated on the Arizona Strip in the northwest corner of Arizona. It is a relatively unexplored area rich in archaeological resources. This study provides three areas of exploration of the prehistoric Virgin Anasazi Pueblo period. Three research questions are posed. Are there substantial Virgin Puebloan sites on the Shivwits Plateau? Through compiled site data and analysis of settlement models the information supports the conclusion that there was a substantial prehistoric use of the Shivwits Plateau; A specific question about pottery production guides the second part of the research. Was the sherd-tempered Shivwits Plain and Shivwits Corrugated pottery produced on the Shivwits Plateau? Samples collected from five sites on the Plateau are examined. Temporal analysis and characterization cannot support the hypothesis at this time; Integrating the settlement information and the ceramic analysis provides the third area of question. Were the sites on the Shivwits Plateau situated to take advantage of movement of people and goods, particularly the Shivwits Plain and Shivwits Corrugated pottery, between the upland Western Plateaus and the neighboring Lowland Muddy-Virgin Valley? Examining the information from the five sample sites there is not a strong indication these sites were involved in interaction with the lowland. It is important to note that the absence of affirming evidence does not rule out the possibility of pottery production or of sites situated to take advantage of trade or travel. There is simply not enough information available to reach absolute conclusions about the Shivwits Plateau; The primary goal of this research is to provide a base of information about the archaeological potential of the Shivwits Plateau

Towards a holographic marginal Fermi liquid

We present an infinite class of 2+1 dimensional field theories which, after coupling to semi-holographic fermions, exhibit strange metallic behavior in a suitable large $N$ limit. These theories describe lattices of hypermultiplet defects interacting with parity-preserving supersymmetric Chern-Simons theories with $U(N) \times U(N)$ gauge groups at levels $\pm k$. They have dual gravitational descriptions in terms of lattices of probe M2 branes in $AdS_4 \times S^7/Z_k$ (for $N \gg 1, N \gg k^5$) or probe D2 branes in $AdS_4 \times CP^3$ (for $N \gg k \gg 1, N \ll k^5$). We discuss several challenges one faces in maintaining the success of these models at finite $N$, including backreaction of the probes in the gravity solutions and radiative corrections in the weakly coupled field theory limit.Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX; v2, minor correction

Designing societal safety: A study of the Swedish crisis management system

Design is an activity aimed at solving an unsolved problem or improving an existing solution. In the area of societal safety, there are many activities that could be classified as design activities. For example when different actors are implementing measures to mitigate certain risk scenarios or when they are considering actions that could improve their capability to respond to various crises. We provide a descriptive study of how design problems are dealt with in the Swedish crisis management system. Our focus is on the risk and vulnerability analyses that are conducted annually by most Swedish authorities, and on efforts to improve various actors’ command and control capability. Within these two areas, both highly relevant for societal safety, we analyse how the actors address design problem using a framework inspired by design science. We present the results from a content analysis of all risk and vulnerability analyses (RVA:s) performed by the county administrative boards (regional level) in 2010 (there are 21 such boards in Sweden) and from 14 semi-structured interviews with representatives for various local and regional authorities in Sweden conducted in 2011. We conclude that when measures to reduce risk or improve crisis management capability are suggested in the RVA:s the context in which the measures are supposed to be useful in are not always described (including description of scenarios). Moreover, the effect of implementing the suggested measures are not explicitly described in any of the RVA:s. The results from the interview study indicates that leaving out or not describing important information explicitly when conducting design activities is not a phenomenon isolated to RVA:s but is also present when, for example, suggesting measures to improve command and control capability