Solitary fibrous tumor of the breast.

n/

Outcome assessment after traumatic brain injury

No abstract available

Structure of Large Nitrate−Water Clusters at Ambient Temperatures: Simulations with Effective Fragment Potentials and Force Fields with Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry

Structural properties of large NO3−·(H2O)n (n = 15−500) clusters are studied by Monte Carlo simulations using effective fragment potentials (EFPs) and by classical molecular dynamics simulations using a polarizable empirical force field. The simulation results are analyzed with a focus on the description of hydrogen bonding and solvation in the clusters. In addition, a comparison between the electronic structure based EFP and the classical force field description of the 32 water cluster system is presented. The EFP simulations, which focused on the cases of n = 15 and 32, show an internal, fully solvated structure and a “surface adsorbed” structure for the 32 water cluster at 300 K, with the latter configuration being more probable. The internal solvated structure and the “surface adsorbed” structure differ considerably in their hydrogen bonding coordination numbers. The force field based simulations agree qualitatively with these results, and the local geometry of NO3− and solvation at the surface-adsorbed site in the force field simulations are similar to those predicted using EFPs. Differences and similarities between the description of hydrogen bonding of the anion in the two approaches are discussed. Extensive classical force field based simulations at 250 K predict that long time scale stability of “internal” NO3−, which is characteristic of extended bulk aqueous interfaces, emerges only for n \u3e 300. Ab initio Møller−Plesset perturbation theory is used to test the geometries of selected surface and interior anions for n = 32, and the results are compared to the EFP and MD simulations. Qualitatively, all approaches agree that surface structures are preferred over the interior structures for clusters of this size. The relatively large aqueous clusters of NO3− studied here are of comparable size to clusters that lead to new particle formation in air. Nitrate ions on the surface of such clusters may have significantly different photochemistry than the internal species. The possible implications of surface-adsorbed nitrate ions for atmospheric chemistry are discussed

An Ecological Study of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part 1:Clinical Tests Do Not Correlate With Return-to-Sport Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to better define the objective criteria used in relation to return-to-sport decisions after synthetic (ligament advanced reinforcement system [LARS]) and autograft (hamstring tendon [2ST/2GR]) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in active populations. PURPOSE: To prospectively investigate and describe the recovery of objective clinical outcomes after autograft (2ST/2GR) and synthetic (LARS) ACL reconstructions, as well as to investigate the relationship between these clinimetric test outcomes and return-to-sport activity (Tegner activity scale [TAS] score) at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A total of 64 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (32 LARS, 32 2ST/2GR autograft) and 32 healthy reference participants were assessed for joint laxity (KT-1000 arthrometer), clinical outcome (2000 International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] knee examination), and activity (TAS score) preoperatively and at 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks and 12 and 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation observed between clinical results using the 2000 IKDC knee examination and TAS score at 24 months (r (s) = 0.188, P = .137), nor were results for side-to-side difference (r (s) = 0.030, P = .814) or absolute KT-1000 arthrometer laxity of the surgical leg at 24 months postoperatively (r (s) = 0.076, P = .553) correlated with return-to-sport activity. Nonetheless, return-to-sport rates within the surgical cohort were 81% at 12 months and 83% at 24 months, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between physiological laxity of the uninjured knee within the surgical group compared with healthy knees within the reference group (P = .522). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that although relatively high levels of return-to-sport outcomes were achieved at 24 months compared with those previously reported in the literature, correlations between objective clinical tests and return-to-sport outcomes may not occur. Clinical outcome measures may provide suitable baseline information; however, the results of this study suggest that clinicians may need to place greater emphasis on other outcome measures when seeking to objectively promote safe return to sport

Vegetation improvement and soil biological quality in the Sahel of Burkina Faso

Soil living environment contains macro-fauna that play important role in the soil structure and chemical composition, the degradation process of organic matter and in the resilience of ecosystems. Few studies evaluated the impact of the “re-greening” trend observed in the Sahel on soil biological quality. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the “re-greening” of the Sahel on soil macro-fauna population and diversity. The method of Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) was used to assess macro-fauna abundance and diversity in different land use types (cropland, shallow land, degraded land and forest). Four sites were selected, in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, with contrasted Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In each site, four repetitions were taken for each land use type. In total, 64 plots samples were used to assess the abundance of macro-fauna. Results showed that there were more individuals (64.92%) and higher macro-fauna density in re-greening zones compared to the degrading zones. There was dominance of Arthropoda phylum (60.85%), Insecta class (59.03%) and Isoptera order (46.97%) in macro-fauna population. There were more species in the shallow land and cropland in re-greening zones and all trophic groups are represented in all sites. Despite this abundance, composition and diversity, it was observed that the re-greening processes have not significantly improved soil biological quality. It is concluded that vegetation improvement might be at the beginning stage in the Sahel, especially in croplands, and clear change of soil biological quality is not perceptible but may be tangible in the future.Keywords: Macro-fauna, ecosystem, soil quality, re-greening, degradation

Central of Georgia Depot

This interpretive plan gives a brief and condensed history of the central of Georgia Depot. Alongside a history of the depot, this resource provides potential interpretive themes for the historic site to pursue in future programs. The resource also contains reproductions of many historic photographs, as well as survey information regarding the depot\u27s events and programming.https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_heritagepreservation/1017/thumbnail.jp

Characterizing rTg4510 Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease on Adult Neurogenesis and Cognitive Function

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a debilitating illness that affects millions of Americans each year. While there is not one definitive hypothesis that exists regarding how the disease develops, some hypotheses include the cholinergic model, the amyloid beta hypothesis, and the tau pathology model. The rTg4510 (Tg) mouse is a model of AD that over-expresses inducible human mutant tau (P301L), a pathological hallmark of AD. This study characterizes the Tg mouse through analysis of adult neurogenesis in the olfactory system, due to the fact that the olfactory system is one of the first sensory systems of the brain to be affected by AD. For this, we examined the behavioral changes in different age groups, specifically 2 and 7 months. Adult neurogenesis within the granule cell layers and glomerular layers in the main and accessory olfactory bulb was analyzed by methods of immunohistochemistry using appropriate antibodies and cell counting with confocal microscopy. Several behavioral paradigms, such as habituation/dishabituation, odor detection threshold, and novel object recognition, were executed to assess cognitive function of these mice, especially in relation to markers of olfactory behavior. Our data suggest that there is an age-dependent cognitive impairment but an age-dependent increase in neurogenesis. Further study is required to identify the effects of inducing the mutant tau on neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb (OB) and whether the overexpression of tau directly impacts cognitive decline