An evaluation of efficacy of Lichtenstein mesh hernioplasty in emergency settings: a study in tertiary care hospital in Odisha

Background: Despite the high incidence, the technical aspects of hernia repair continue to evolve making it the most common operations performed by general surgeons. Lichtenstein mesh hernioplasty repairs all hernias without distortion of the normal anatomy and with no suture line tension. This study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of Lichtenstein mesh herinioplasty in emergency inguinal hernia patients.Methods: A 84 patients were operated for complicated (obstructed irreducible) inguinal hernia. A follow-up period of 6 months using the Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement Instrument for evaluation of Lichtenstein hernioplasty outcomes was completed for 44 emergency patients.Results: The age incidence of the hernia patients in the study group was 40% (25-35 years) followed by 24% (15-25 years). The anatomical position of the hernia in the study group was to the right having a dominant percentage of 72% followed by left (24%) with none in bilateral. Early postoperative complications in mesh repair (Lichtenstein hernioplasty) comprising of factors like wound infection (10%), hematoma (5%), seroma (10%) was significantly lower compared to tissue repair with wound infection (20%), hematoma (5%) and seroma (25%). Further mesh rejection in Lichtenstein hernioplasty was 0% for the study population. Similarly, late postoperative complications in Lichtenstein hernioplasty comprising of factors like wound dehiscence (4%), neuralgia (27%) was significantly lower compared to tissue repair with wound dehiscence (27%), neuralgia (41%).Conclusions: The study revealed that the use of polypropylene prosthesis in the emergency setting (obstructed hernia) is safe and outcomes are satisfactory

Exosomes and HIV-1 Association in AIDS-Defining Patients

Exosomes are membranous nanovesicles of endocytic origin that help to facilitate cell-to-cell communication by transporting cellular cargo locally or systemically to a recipient cell. These are subsequently fused and internalised by recipient cells. Exosomes are secreted from all cell types in HIV-1 infected patients. Recent studies reveal that exosomes from various sources modulate the pathophysiology of HIV-1, and conversely, exosomes are also targeted by HIV-1 factors. Semen or plasma exosomes could suppress/inhibit HIV-1 replication in humans and rodent models. Exosomal cargo components could be used as a biomarker in HIV-1patients and AIDS-defining patients. Exosome in semen and plasma is a useful tool for the diagnosis of HIV-1 and an alternative therapeutic tool for antiretroviral therapy

Oxidative stress physiology in Scylla serrata for environmental health assessment

The oxidative stress (OS) condition and antioxidant level as a function of pH, few major elements, temperature, turbidity, organic carbon, sediment, and water salinity are vital to understanding the redox homeostasis of inhabiting animals. These parameters are also used to monitor environmental health. A spatiotemporal redox antioxidant system, followed by discriminant function analysis about the aforementioned abiotic factors, was investigated in the muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, sampled from the Indian coastal belt along the Bay of Bengal (Tamil Nadu and Odisha) and the Arabian Sea (Gujarat) as a measure of environmental health assessment. Results revealed that the redox homeostasis of mud crabs significantly varied with seasonal fluctuations of abiotic factors and sediment chemistry. The level of superoxide dismutase and the non-protein-SH group were negatively correlated, whereas other antioxidant molecules with lipid peroxidation levels were positively correlated with abiotic factors. Only the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were strongly correlated with all the abiotic factors. The hepatopancreas was found to be the most susceptible organ to OS. The lipid peroxidation level was 20–25 times higher in hepatopancreatic tissue than that in other tissues. The antioxidant level was elevated to 200% during the summer compared to the rainy season. Thus, the results of redox homeostasis in S. serrata may be useful for monitoring the ecotoxic effects of estuarine and marine environments and managing the inhabiting species

Impact of energy storage devices on microgrid frequency performance: A robust DQN based grade-2 fuzzy cascaded controller

This article intended an advanced deep-Q network (A-DQN) based algorithm for the optimal design of a robust grade-2 fuzzy cascaded controller (G2-FCC) concerning frequency control of an autonomous AC microgrid under several electrical disturbances. The proposed AC microgrid is equipped with a hydraulic electrolyzer fuel cell (HE-FC) that empowers electrically to a variety of local consumers. Apart from the HE-FC, the proposed microgrid model is associated with few fractional megawatts (MW) rated power generating sources such as diesel generators (DEG), micro-turbines (MT), solar power stations (SPS), wind power stations (WPS) and geothermal to maximize the total power of a system. However, to increase system performance and energy quality some energy-storing devices such as ultra-capacitors (UC), flywheel (fw), and battery energy management systems (BEMS) are integrated into the system. Most renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power plants are associated with high uncertainties and exhibit low inertia which severely affects the grid frequency. The proposed fuzzy G2-FCC controller dominates the frequency disturbance gracefully and shows its superiority over a few standard approaches like fuzzy Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and PID controllers. The energy-storing components also have shown their potential in regard to frequency profile improvement of the microgrid system. Finally, the suggested A-DQN algorithm is proved as the most effective tool to optimal design the parameters of the G2-FCC controller. Finally, it is verified that the suggested G2-FCC controller is found to be the most effective tool to improve the settling time of ΔF by 154.54 and 249.64 % over well-existing grade-1 fuzzy PID and PID approaches, respectively

An evaluation of efficacy of Lichtenstein mesh hernioplasty in emergency settings: a study in tertiary care hospital in Odisha

Background: Despite the high incidence, the technical aspects of hernia repair continue to evolve making it the most common operations performed by general surgeons. Lichtenstein mesh hernioplasty repairs all hernias without distortion of the normal anatomy and with no suture line tension. This study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of Lichtenstein mesh herinioplasty in emergency inguinal hernia patients.Methods: A 84 patients were operated for complicated (obstructed irreducible) inguinal hernia. A follow-up period of 6 months using the Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement Instrument for evaluation of Lichtenstein hernioplasty outcomes was completed for 44 emergency patients.Results: The age incidence of the hernia patients in the study group was 40% (25-35 years) followed by 24% (15-25 years). The anatomical position of the hernia in the study group was to the right having a dominant percentage of 72% followed by left (24%) with none in bilateral. Early postoperative complications in mesh repair (Lichtenstein hernioplasty) comprising of factors like wound infection (10%), hematoma (5%), seroma (10%) was significantly lower compared to tissue repair with wound infection (20%), hematoma (5%) and seroma (25%). Further mesh rejection in Lichtenstein hernioplasty was 0% for the study population. Similarly, late postoperative complications in Lichtenstein hernioplasty comprising of factors like wound dehiscence (4%), neuralgia (27%) was significantly lower compared to tissue repair with wound dehiscence (27%), neuralgia (41%).Conclusions: The study revealed that the use of polypropylene prosthesis in the emergency setting (obstructed hernia) is safe and outcomes are satisfactory

Effect of Lead acetate on oxidative stress and antioxidant defence system of Bacillus subtilis and plasmid (pBSIISK) isolated from DH5α

Environmental contamination by heavy metals has been one of the major concerns for ecological and public health. Although some heavy metals are required for metabolic processes, but their excessive accumulation in living organisms is always detrimental. High concentration of lead affects all living organisms including soil flora, fauna and microorganisms. Presence of such heavy metals in environment could certainly cause the decrease in the community diversity. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of lead acetate on growth and antioxidant defence system of Bacillus subtilis in dose (0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mM) and time (6, 12, and 24 h) dependent manner, and also asses its deleterious effects on plasmid-pBSIISK isolated from DH5α strain. The results indicate that the cell number was declined significantly with increase in concentration of the heavy metal at different time of their growth phase. Lipid peroxidation (LPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly enhanced in response to lead acetate, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were decreased in presence of lead acetate. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was increased at 6 h and 12 h, but decreased at 24 h in response to lead acetate. In vitro study indicates that lead acetate potentially damage the plasmid (pBSIISK) isolated from DH5α strain

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Effect of Xylocarpus granatum Bark Extract on Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia and Oxidative Stress Associated Complications in STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice

Xylocarpus granatum is a medicinal mangrove plant, traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea, cholera, fever, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, etc. The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic (α-glucosidase inhibition assay) and antioxidant (ABTS scavenging and metal chelating assay) activities of ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of leaves and barks of X. granatum followed by in vivo antidiabetic and antioxidant evaluation of ethanol bark extracts in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. The in vitro evaluation revealed higher α-amylase inhibition and ABTS scavenging activities in ethanol bark extracts of X. granatum (XGEB). Administration of XGEB at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW doses to STZ-induced diabetic mice resulted in significant decrease (P < 0.05) in blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT), and urea levels in the serum of the extract administered groups as compared to diabetic control group. The levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST in liver along with LPx, SOD, GST, and GR activities in brain tissues were found to be ameliorated in XGEB treated diabetic mice. Histopathological alternations of liver tissues were also found to be restored in XGEB treated diabetic groups. The HPLC fingerprint analysis of XGEB revealed the presence of simple polyphenols, isoflavone, and flavonol-like compounds. The DSC and UV-VIS analysis also confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds in XGEB. The GC-MS analysis of XGEB showed the presence of a number of bioactive compounds. These results demonstrated the beneficial effect of XGEB in controlling hyperglycaemia and ameliorating oxidative stress associated complications associated with diabetes