Analysts’ Forecasts, the Abandonment Option and Intellectual Capital

The abandonment option under various capital budgeting models are discussed in this manuscript to bring forth the notion that present value of cash flows is often improperly estimated in the financial models utilized in the decision analytic process. In this study, Intellectual Property Rights and other intangible assets often are not considered in accounting estimation processes utilized in financial accounting. A decision maker often utilizes misestimates of the present value of cash flow resulting in less than optimum capital budgeting decisions. Decisions to abandon for salvage and other similar decisions improve when the present value of intangibles and property rights are included in the decision process. This last statement is the goal of this study and to present well founded processes to improve abandonment and similar decisions in capital budgeting decisions. The estimation problem in financial accounting is included in the analysis to accomplish this goal

Newly Revised Study of Daily Time Series Data Analysis of Market Prices

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the existence of time series characteristics of daily stock prices of securities marketed on organized exchanges. This study differs from previous studies where the focus was on index numbers of daily stock market prices rather than the actual prices of traded securities. Furthermore, this study is important because of the theory of market efficiency and its application to short term forecasting of closing prices of traded securities

The Waning Influence of the Pandemic on Decision Making

The notion that the present value of cash flows is often improperly estimated in financial models concerning capital improvements and abandonments is a fundamental problem in decision analysis in management and associated decisions and affects the estimation of and valuation of intellectual property. Previous studies indicate the usefulness of estimation theory in financial accounting. During the Covid Pandemic of the past few years, decisions by governmental and health authorities in the United States and the World were often dictated during the Pandemic by short-term political influences which included disinformation by some who wished to take advantage of the misuse of the health Pandemic for political gain and/or financial power and short-term financial gain. Previously this was shown to be true as the media with the aid of self promotional activities by many who were attempting this kind of gain. Furthermore, the Pandemic in the United States and other nations is receding in dramatic ways and many restrictions of the Endemic era are no longer in use. This was the result of Mask restrictions and increasing but not universal vaccine programs in many states and nations

Advances in the application of research in diagnostics, intensive care and medical treatments

We encourage the growth of operations research/ management science theory and methods in the field included in health and medical care for the purpose of continuously improving processes included in this field. By focusing on the growth on data analytics, statistics, applied mathematics, computer methods including machine learning of artificial intelligence, the future of health cared methods will change in a positive manner. The development of computerized methods to and the growth of data systems produced ample materials for artificial intelligence to develop and to bring physician assistance programs to enable better, quicker and more analytical programs to better health and medical care. This includes applications in intensive care as well as diagnostic therapies. We focus on examples in the use of the promising developments in the quality and continuous improvement in process control where there are great possibilities of change in both medical applications as well as improve the management of hospital and other medical facilities

Predicting Daily Stock Returns; A Lengthy Study of the Hong Kong and Japan Stock Exchanges

If stock markets are efficient then it should not be possible to predict stock returns, namely, no explanatory variable in a stock market regression model should be statistically significant. In this study, we find results indicating that daily effects exist in stock market returns. These daily or Calendar effects previously shown to exist by others clearly indicate the purpose of this study. Researchers often equate stock market efficiency with the non-predictability property of time series of stock returns. The purpose is to explore whether this line of argument is or is not satisfactory and does or does not aid in furthering our understanding of how markets operate. We focus on one definition of capital market efficiency and on the experience of these principles in analyzing the performance of the two large Asian Stock Market exchanges, which are Japan and Hong Kong. We observe that stock market returns (which include closing prices and dividends) are predictable and there are explanations for short-term predictability. Japan and Hong Kong were the focus of this study because of the maturity of their financial markets and the availability of clean data on these markets from a reputable and available resource. Furthermore, to reduce the influence of the Pandemic (2020-2022, the author studied a data base for a large number years prior to the era of the global Pandemic to reduce the argument that the era studed was a large enough sample and the influence of special variation associated variation associated with the unusual health period was reduce to nothing

Intellectual Property Valuation and Accounting

Reporting revenue from intellectual property is a problem of revenue recognition. Although current reporting standards may prescribe rules and regulations for such items as matching and revenue recognition or what is often referred to as the realization postulate in accounting. Financial reporting is the method by which accountants aid business in recognizing their accomplishments. Recognizing future performance is a goal by most reporting methods are merely designed to recognize past cash movement and equivalents as part of the history of a firm but also to evaluate present performance by traditional reporting methods? We evaluate these methods based on traditional accounting theory to facilitate the improvement in accounting methods. We define Intellectual Property (IP) as any product of intellect that the law protects from unauthorized use by others. These items include patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets are considered to be the products of intellectual property. To account for these items is a serious problem and is the main subject of this study

Valuing Intangible Assets and Financial Reporting

Intangible Assets, Intellectual Property and Estimating Cash Flow and Rates of Return are concerned with the inability and inaccuracy of earnings and financial forecasts. Financial reporting is the major source of data utilized by economic forecasts, accountants and financial managers to predict future cash flow and earnings (whether per share or in aggregate). However, the records and studies of analyst forecasts have produced often dismal performance. Previous studies focused on historical analysis of past earnings forecast methodology or on generating evidence that accrual accounting justifies better forecasting performance. Objections to these areas of study come in several forms. Justifying accrual accounting by concluding that they perform well is not appropriate when important factors going into earnings forecasts are absent from the methods utilized. Also, the financial reporting of intangible assets is often misleading or is not reported at all. Economic forecasters know that if the reporting of assets that greatly affect cash flow and in turn earnings forecasters is a serious source of error in forecasting. Using sophisticated models for forecasting with error adjustments may improve forecast accuracy as shown previously by others, the absence of studying intangible assets will still produce inaccurate results. Estimation theory will aid us in solving this problem and will induce accountants too properly report finding about Intellectual Property Rights and similar assets

Intellectual Property and the Role of Estimation in Financial Accounting and Mergers and Acquisitions

In this manuscript a review of the estimation theory proposes a solution to the problem of finding the economic (dollar) value of intellectual property rights. Specifically, during periods of acquisition and or mergers, the problem arises during acquisitions and mergers because firms have trademarks, patents and similar items which have value and are a significant part of the economic activities. Financial account often ignores the methods established earlier by experts in the field of financial accounting because they are inexpert in estimation methods and/or suggestions by agencies that rule and prescribe solutions to assess and estimate the value of intellectual property rights. Since estimation methods are now commonplace in accounting, this manuscript suggests the use of these methods to place value on items such as patents, trademarks and similar items. In three cases, the manuscript produces viable and testable results that should bring financial account from pure guess or worse, avoiding the problem entirely. In addition, the author suggests alternative method by which one estimates the value of intellectual property rights. These additional methods should produce practical valuation methods which are based on science, data analysis and data analytics. No longer would analysts have to rely on the changing value of Goodwill to be a substitute for data science and account analytics